There are discussions in the literature on whether there disadvantages terms of environmental quality and economic advantages provided by foreign direct investments developing countries. These discussions, which were studied within framework Pollution Haven Hypothesis, have been subject many empirical studies. This study aims to investigate relationship between carbon emissions, growth, amount ...

The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental pollution on economic growth in an emerging economy. We used annual data covering period 1986–2020 non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) to analyze positive negative co-integrated variables, our findings support asymmetric relationship between investment, both short long run, as well a long-run growth. A on...

in this study, application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (anfis) in forecasting three perspectives (1, 2, and 4 years) ahead of iran’s agricultural products export was compared with arima as the most common econometrics linear forecasting method. for this purpose, iran’s agricultural products export revenues related to 1959-2010, and forecast performance measures such as r2, mad, and...

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, ARDL model, and alternative volatility models, including GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR models, are used to investigate the relationship between crude oil price and six global fertilizer prices. The empirical result...

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ranks lowest globally in respect of energy access rates. The resulting high poverty impedes sustainable economic growth and aggravates the overall which is prevalent SSA countries. A better understanding relationship between financial development consumption can contribute to enhancing SSA. existing literature presents conflicting evidence regarding this relationship. O...

Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals macroeconomic policy executed through country's central bank. The persistence considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes standard living majority people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest energy price shocks as drivers inflation. So, present study examines role pump diesel and gasoline prices on controlling rea...

The impact of human activities on environmental degradation has been increasing over time, and ecological footprint measures the environment. An increase in created alarming situations around globe. This study explores causes Pakistan’s high (EFP). asymmetric analysis fossil fuels renewable energy consumption EFP carried out from 1990 to 2020. results obtained NARDL approach revealed that posit...

The hidden non-linear association between governance indicators & stock market development (SMD) of Pakistan has been scrutinized in this study by using two comparative co-integrating techniques known as ARDL (Auto-regressive Distributed Lag) NARDL (Non-linear ARDL). Empirical evidence suggests that misrepresented inferences arise ignoring non-linearity nexus the variables. results indicate...