Across many environments, nitrate (NO_3(-)) is an important form of N available for microorganisms and photosynthetic organisms. Accurate NO_3(-) measurements are important for examining N cycling and retention in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but a common method of NO_3(-)) analysis can underestimate NO_3(-)) concentrations when soluble iron is present (iron > 10 mg L(-1)). The basic met...

In the Maker-Breaker domination game played on a graph $G$, Dominator's goal is to select dominating set and Staller's claim closed neighborhood of some vertex. We study cases when Staller can win game. If Dominator (resp., Staller) starts game, then $\gamma_{\rm SMB}(G)$ SMB}'(G)$) denotes minimum number moves needs win. For every positive integer $k$, trees $T$ with SMB}'(T)=k$ are characteri...

Abstract A set S of vertices in a graph G is paired dominating if every vertex adjacent to and the subgraph induced by contains perfect matching (not necessarily as an subgraph). The domination number, $$\gamma _{\mathrm{pr}}(G)$$ γ pr ( G</mml:m...

In this paper, we present a new construction of asymmetric quantum codes (AQCs) by combining classical concatenated (CCs) with tensor product (TPCs), called and (AQCTPCs) which have the following three advantages. First, only outer in AQCTPCs need to satisfy orthogonal constraint codes, any linear code can be used for inner, makes very easy construct. Second, most are highly degenerate, means t...