Electron transport chain (ETCh) of ammonium (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) participates in oxidation of ammonium to nitrate (nitrification). Operation of ETCh may be perturbed by a range of water-soluble xenobiotics. Therefore, consortia of nitrifying bacteria may be used as a biosensor to detect water contamination. A surprising feature of this system is an increase of oxygen consu...

We combine field observations, microcosm, stoichiometry, and molecular and stable isotope techniques to quantify N2O generation processes in an intensively managed low carbon calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. All the evidence points to ammonia oxidation and linked nitrifier denitrification (ND) being the major processes generating N2O. When NH4(+)-based fertilizers are applied the soil will produce ...

Dairy farming has the potential to pollute waterways through the loss of nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIO). Two on-farm management actions that can reduce losses of N, P and FIOs are the use of wintering feedpads, and the application of nitrification inhibitors. In this paper we outline the results of research undertaken to explore the adoption of these amongst d...

Hydroxylamine oxidation by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) is a key step for energy-yielding in support of the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Organohydrazines have been shown to inactivate HAO from Nitrosomonas europaea, and may serve as selective inhibitors to differentiate bacterial from archaeal ammonia oxidation due to the absence of bacterial HAO gene homolog in known ammon...

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is considered to be an efficient way delay nitrification, but the effect NIs combinations on soil and ammonia (NH3) volatilization are not clear in soils with different pH values. In this study, we explored nitrapyrin (CP) its 3, 4-dimethylepyrazole phosphate (DMPP), dicyandiamide (DCD) transformation nitrogen, potential rate (PNR), a 120-day in...

The emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N2O emissions in many cropping systems. However, most N2O flux measurements and inhibitor impacts have been made with small chambers and have not been investigated at a paddock-scale using micrometeorological techniques. We quan...

Environmental context Specific inhibitors of biological reactions in the nitrogen cycle can be used to determine origin reactive species; these species potentially degrade water quality or influence climate. However, interfere with methods for analysis stable isotope ratios and concentrations ammonium, nitrite nitrate. The effect this interference on several commonly was investigated. These fin...