Nowadays, local flap coverage methods, including the C-V breast flap compose the majority of nipple reconstruction procedures [1]. As the projection of new nipple from the C-V breast flap is basically subcutaneous fat, the reconstructed nipple tends to be flattened over the long term, especially if submitted to pressure. In addition, necrosis or abrasion may result in flap failure. For this rea...

Nipple reconstruction is a commonly performed component of breast reconstruction. A nipple reconstructed using local skin flaps requires protection from trauma. Here we describe a novel, effective, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and convenient method to protect a reconstructed nipple in the early postoperative period.

INTRODUCTION Nipple-areola complex reconstruction (NAR) is the final procedure in breast reconstruction after the majority of mastectomies. Many methods of NAR have been described, each with inherent advantages and disadvantages depending on local healthy tissue availability, previous scarring and procedures, and the operative morbidity of the NAR technique. Nipple reconstructions may be compli...

BACKGROUND Patients with moderate to severe ptosis are often considered poor candidates for nipple-sparing mastectomy. This results from the perceived risk of nipple necrosis and/or the inability of the reconstructive surgeon to reliably and effectively reposition the nipple-areola complex on the breast mound after mastectomy. METHODS A retrospective review identified patients with grade II/I...

OBJECTIVE The combination of a single pedicle local flap with tattooing for complete nipple areola complex (NAC) reconstruction is currently the most supported method. Although many technical descriptions of NAC reconstruction exist in the medical literature, there are no data that define the ideal areola size (diameter of the areola) after bilateral mastectomy and breast reconstruction conside...

A surgical technique using local tissue skate flaps combined with cylinders made from a naturally derived biomaterial has been used effectively for nipple reconstruction. A retrospective review of patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using this technique was performed. Comorbidities and type of breast reconstruction were collected. Outcome evaluation included complications, surgical rev...

The present report describes the use of a nipple-sharing technique for nipple areolar reconstruction using a donor nipple that was initially grafted from the contralateral and healthy breast 12 years earlier. There are many different techniques available to reconstruct the nipple. Although nipple sharing is not feasible to use in all patients, when available, it is an ideal approach for matchin...

Nipple-areola reconstruction is often one of the final but most challenging aspects of breast reconstruction. However, it is an integral and important component of breast reconstruction because it transforms the mound into a breast. We performed 133 nipple-areola reconstructions during a period of 4 years. Of these reconstructions, 76 of 133 nipple-areola complexes were reconstructed using the ...

BACKGROUND Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction is increasingly becoming a proven surgical option for early-stage breast cancer patients. Areola-sparing mastectomy (ASM) has also recently become a popular procedure. The purpose of this article is to investigate the reconstructive and aesthetic issues experienced with one-stage nipple and breast reconstruction using ASM. ...

Creation of a nipple-areola complex often represents the final step in a long and troubling reconstructive process for women with breast cancer. After this hard time, the procedure of choice needs to be convenient, painless and reliable. C-V flap technique for nipple reconstruction, designed especially for later areola tattooing, is a quick and effective form of nipple reconstruction using loca...