Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is an increasingly utilized surgical option in managing breast carcinoma; however, data on malignant involvement of a separately submitted nipple margin are scant. Consecutive NSM, including those performed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, over a 4-year period (2007-2011), were studied. A separately submitted nipple margin was evaluated by permanent H&E...

BACKGROUND Nipple adenoma is a very uncommon, benign proliferative process of lactiferous ducts of the nipple. Clinically, it often presents as a palpable nipple nodule, a visible nipple skin erosive lesion, and/or with discharge from the surface of the nipple skin, and is primarily seen in middle-aged women. Resultantly, nipple adenoma can clinically mimic the presentation of mammary Paget's d...

Macrothelia, or nipple hypertrophy, is a condition that may cause severe psychological distress to those who suffer from it. Although effective in their primary goal of reducing nipple diameter and projection, previously reported techniques in nipple reduction suffer from imperfect aesthetic outcomes with noticeable scarring patterns, anatomically anomalous shape, and a smoothing of the natural...

PURPOSE Nipple sparing mastectomy provides good cosmetic results and low local recurrence rates for breast cancer patients. However, there is a potential risk of leaving an occult tumor within the nipple, which could lead to cancer relapse and poor prognosis for the patient. The objective of this study was to investigate the occult nipple involvement rate in mastectomy specimens, and to identif...

This paper presents a new approach on nipple detection for adult content recognition, it combines the advantage of Adaboost algorithm that is rapid speed in object detection and the robustness of nipple features for adaptive nipple detection. This method first locates the potential nipple-like region by using Adaboost algorithm for fast processing speed. It is followed by a nipple detection usi...

The study was aimed at investigating localized topical drug delivery to the breast via mammary papilla (nipple). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and estradiol (EST) were used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds respectively. Porcine and human nipple were used for in-vitro penetration studies. The removal of keratin plug enhanced the drug transport through the nipple. The drug penetration was s...

a 25-year-old woman with a history of five years of bilateral verrucous hyperkeratosis and darkening of both nipples and areolae is reported herein. the histopathology was suggestive of hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple. hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple is a rare condition which is seen unilaterally or bilaterally in both sexes. three types of hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple are descri...

BACKGROUND Loss of nipple projection is a common problem following nipple reconstruction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the use of a tightly rolled dermal graft is effective in the long-term maintenance of nipple projection. METHODS Nipple reconstruction was performed using the C-V flap technique. A dermal graft was harvested from the dog-ear portion of previous scars. The gra...

The present report describes the use of a nipple-sharing technique for nipple areolar reconstruction using a donor nipple that was initially grafted from the contralateral and healthy breast 12 years earlier. There are many different techniques available to reconstruct the nipple. Although nipple sharing is not feasible to use in all patients, when available, it is an ideal approach for matchin...

BACKGROUND Nipple-sparing techniques have improved the aesthetics of reconstruction following mastectomy, but nipple necrosis complicates up to 37% of procedures, distressing patients, delaying adjuvant therapy, and compromising outcomes. No method reliably detects nipple necrosis better than clinical assessment of tissue perfusion. We prospectively assessed the accuracy of intraoperative indoc...