Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) plays a critical role in the metabolism of many drugs. CYP3A4 exhibits extraordinary substrate promiscuity and unusual allosteric kinetics. In addition, many CYPs catalyze sequential oxidations on a single substrate, but in most cases, mechanistic details of these processes are not well-established. As a result, in vivo clearance of many drugs and their metabolites ...

The NILE (nerve growth factor-inducible large external) glycoprotein is a 230,000-dalton molecule found on the surface of PC12 cells. Immunologically cross-reactive glycoproteins in the molecular weight range of 215,000 to 230,000 have been found on many types of neurons in culture. Using immunohistochemical methods, we have shown that NILE-related glycoproteins are present in neuronal fiber tr...

b a ckground: west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fatal infection in mammals in-cluding humans, dogs, horses, birds and reptiles. although west nile virus is an asymptomatic infection, especially it can cause neurologic disorders in humans and horses. the aim of this study was to the investigate virological pres- ence of wnv in horses in the black sea region of turk...

West Nile Virus is one of the most frequently reported etiologies of viral encephalitis in the USA. West Nile Virus infections among hospitalized patients manifests most commonly as neuro-invasive disease. West Nile Virus has also been reported to cause myocarditis. Arrhythmia is not an uncommon occurrence in viral myocarditis. As cases of West Nile Virus increase, it is important that the inde...

In this paper, we briefly introduce the Narrative Information Linear Extraction (NILE) system, a natural language processing library for clinical narratives. NILE is an experiment of our ideas on efficient and effective medical language processing. We introduce the overall design of NILE and its major components, and show the performance of it in real projects.

West Nile virus causes fatal encephalitis in humans, mice, and other vertebrates. In the present study, we demonstrate that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibit West Nile virus replication in vitro. Moreover, the administration of siRNAs to mice by hydrodynamic injection 24 h before challenge with an intraperitoneal inoculum of West Nile virus reduced the viral load and afforded partial prot...

Ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were determined in water samples collected along the River Nile using gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). PCB concentrations ranged from 14 to 20 μg/L, which were higher than those reported in previous studies, indicating serious PCB pollution in the River Nile. PCB congener profiles varied depending on the sampling sties. PCB-138 ...

The NEW GIFT Nile tilapia is a national certificated new strain produced through 14 years and 9 generations selection from the base strain of GIFT Nile tilapia. From NEW GIFT Nile tilapia two strain-specific RAPD bands namely S304 and S36 were identified from the amplified bands of 50 and 80 10bp-oligo-nucleotide random primers separately after gel extraction cloning and sequencing of the strai...

Nowadays, the proliferation of geographic information systems has caused great interest in geographical ontologies. Geographical ontologies have been introduced to facilitate knowledge sharing and to assist in recognizing spatial terms employed in a query. In this research the full model of the Nile River geographical ontology has been developed to meet the needs of the recognition of the termi...

BACKGROUND West Nile virus is a mosquito transmitted virus that can cause disease in humans and horses. A majority of people infected with WNV will have no symptoms or may only experience mild symptoms, such as headaches. About 20% of infected humans develop a flu-like illness characterized by fever; while in the elderly and immunocompromised West Nile virus can cause a more serious neurologic ...