UNLABELLED Precise uterine fluid pH regulation may involve the Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger (NHE). We hypothesized that NHE isoforms are differentially expressed under different sex steroid treatment and at different oestrous cycle phases which may explain the uterine fluid pH changes observed under these conditions. METHOD Oestrous cycle phases of intact WKY rats were identified by vaginal smear. An...

We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the efficacy of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) inhibition following cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in wild-type controls (NHE-1(+/+)), NHE-1 genetic knockdown mice (NHE-1(+/-)), and NHE-1(+/+) mice treated with the selective NHE-1 inhibitor HOE642. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) revealed a brain lesion as...

We previously cloned, sequenced, and expressed two distinct mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms (NHE-1 and NHE-2). We report here the cloning of a composite cDNA which encodes a third mammalian isoform (NHE-3), which is expressed specifically in intestine and kidney. The protein deduced from the longest open reading frame of this composite sequence has 832 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 92...

The Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger-1 (NHE-1) is a ubiquitously expressed pH-regulatory membrane protein that functions in the brain, heart, and other organs. It is increased by intracellular acidosis through the interaction of intracellular H⁺ with an allosteric modifier site in the transport domain. In the previous study, we reported that glutamate-induced NHE-1 phosphorylation mediated by activation of pro...

Luminal flow stimulates endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2 (-)) production by renal thick ascending limbs (TALs). The delicate balance between these two factors regulates Na transport in TALs; NO enhances natriuresis, whereas O2 (-) augments Na absorption. Endogenous, flow-stimulated O2 (-) enhances Na/H exchange (NHE). Flow-stimulated NO reduces flow-induced O2 (-), a process medi...

The non-hemolytic enterotoxin complex (Nhe) is supposed to be the main virulence factor of B. cereus causing a diarrheal outcome of food poisoning. This tripartite toxin consists of the single components NheA, -B and -C all of them being necessary for maximum toxicity. In the past, research activities aiming to elucidate the mode-of-action of Nhe were mostly focused on the B- and C-component. I...

Luminal flow stimulates Na reabsorption along the nephron and activates protein kinase C (PKC) which enhances endogenous superoxide (O(2) (-)) production by thick ascending limbs (TALs). Exogenously-added O(2) (-) augments TAL Na reabsorption, a process also dependent on PKC. Luminal Na/H exchange (NHE) mediates NaHCO₃reabsorption. However, whether flow-stimulated, endogenously-produced O(2) (-...

The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) has a key role in intracellular pH ([pH]i) regulation of the syncytiotrophoblast in the human placenta and may have a role in the life cycle of this cell. In other cells the NHE (actually a family of up to 9 isoforms) is regulated by a variety of factors, but its regulation in the syncytiotrophoblast has not been studied. Here, we tested the hypotheses that EGF and sp...

Two new Chitosan-based nanocomposite films were prepared: Chitosan /7% Ag nanoparticles (NPs) (NC1) and Chitosan/7% Ag NPs/5%Carbacylamidophosphate(NC2), in which the carbacylamidophosphate derivitive is N-Nicotinyl-N′,N″- bis(hexamethylenyl) phosphorictriamide (NHE) with the formula: C5H4NC(O)NHP(O)(NC6H12)2. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) ...