seizure may occur after mild traumatic brain injury (tbi), and the severity of tbi can be considered the most crucial factor for an increased risk of recurring seizures as well as for the development of posttraumatic epilepsy. however, the effect of seizures in epileptogenesis after mild tbi cannot yet be accurately confirmed. this study was designed to determine whether mild tbi increases seiz...

introduction: since organophosphorus compounds (op) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (ache), however it has become increasingly evident that ops have also other direct effects on cellular processes. in the present study, the effects of low concen...

The gamma-band oscillatory activity notably appears in the primary sensory and motor cortical areas. Because both sensory and motor responses are characterized by many static and dynamic variables, questions are raised regarding how cortical neurons manage to transmit analog information within the gammaoscillatory activity. Here, a possible way of communication among pyramidal neurons in the ga...

Two isoforms of the cation-Cl(-) cotransporter family are expressed in neurons and modulate neurotransmission. NKCC1, a Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter, by raising internal Cl(-), is responsible for excitatory GABAergic activity in immature brain and in adult sensory neurons. KCC2, a neuronal-specific isoform of the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter, by lowering internal Cl(-), is critical for inhibitor...

The main purpose of this study was to examine large-scale oscillatory activity and frequency-related neuronal synchronization during the comprehension of English spoken sentences of different complexity. Therefore, EEG coherence during the processing of subject-subject (SS)- and more complex subject-object (SO)-relatives was computed using an adaptive fitting approach of bivariate auto-regressi...

Spikes of single cortical neurons can exert powerful effects even though most cortical synapses are too weak to fire postsynaptic neurons. A recent study combining single-cell stimulation with population imaging has visualized in vivo postsynaptic firing in genetically identified target cells. The results confirm predictions from in vitro work and might help to understand how the brain reads si...

Relaying neural signals between cortical areas is central to cognition and sensory processing. The temporal coordination of activity in a source population has been suggested to determine corticocortical signaling efficacy, but others have argued that coordination is functionally irrelevant. We reasoned that if coordination significantly influenced signaling, spiking in downstream networks shou...

The cortex processes stimuli through a distributed network of specialized brain areas. This processing requires mechanisms that can route neuronal activity across weakly connected cortical regions. Routing models proposed thus far are either limited to propagation of spiking activity across strongly connected networks or require distinct mechanisms that create local oscillations and establish t...