Introduction very country has landscapes that have been shaped by the interactions of people and nature over time. These landscapes are rich in traditional patterns of land use that have contributed to biodiversity and other natural values, have proven sustainable over centuries, and are living examples of cultural heritage. As countries worldwide move to expand and strengthen their national pr...

NK fitness landscapes are stochastically generated fitness functions on bit strings, parameterized (with genes and interactions between genes) so as to make them tunably ‘rugged’. Under the ‘natural’ genetic operators of bit-flipping mutation or recombination, NK landscapes produce multiple domains of attraction for the evolutionary dynamics. NK landscapes have been used in models of epistatic ...

Technological change at the rm-level has commonly been modeled as random sampling from a xed distribution of possibilities. Such models typically ignore empirically important aspects of the rm's search process, namely the related observations that a rm's current technology constrains future innovation and that rms' technological search tends to be local in nature. In this paper we explicitly tr...

In this paper, we analyze databases [corrected] on birds and insects to assess patterns of functional diversity in human-dominated landscapes in the tropics. A perspective from developed landscapes is essential for understanding remnant natural ecosystems, because most species experience their surroundings at spatial scales beyond the plot level, and spillover between natural and managed ecosys...

Conservation practitioners must contend with an increasing array of threats that affect biodiversity. Citizen scientists can provide timely and expansive information for addressing these threats across large scales, but their data may contain sampling biases. We used randomization procedures to account for possible sampling biases in opportunistically reported citizen science data to identify s...

117 As Head points out, “the cultural heritage sector uses the classical geographical sense of landscapes as modified by human activity, with an emphasis on ancient monuments and historical buildings.” In other words, cultural landscape heritage is generally approached in terms of material or morphological artifacts that constitute culturally determined physical, and therefore visible, modifica...

Traditional rural landscapes emerged from the long term interaction of the natural and anthropogenic environment. These landscapes are now threatened by drastic social-ecological changes. Recent international trends on sustaining cultural landscapes place great emphasis on understanding of multiple values, presented in the landscape, by considering various stakeholder perspectives. It is now re...