How does technological change affect the depletion of non-renewable natural resources? We argue that to answer this question it is necessary to account for the interaction between skill-biased technological change, population dynamics and their effects on natural resource use. Skill-biased technolgical change leads in a non-malthusian world to a decline in the long-run growth rate of the popula...

nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as sources of pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas has been introduced as an alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels in many applications. a high research octane number which allows combustion at higher compre...

In this paper a model of oil depletion is analyzed in which the shapes of field profiles are triangular and the sizes of successive fields decrease monotonically. It is shown that the curve representing the rate of production for this model is piecewise linear and concave up to a certain point after which it is monotone decreasing. Equations for natural smooth approximating curves having unique...

Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) is an emerging technique for sustainable and cost-effective bioremediation of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in oil spill sites. Depending on regulatory objectives, NSZD has the potential to be used as either primary or sole LNAPL management technique. To achieve this goal, rate (i.e., bulk mass depletion) should quantified accurately precisely. cert...

Persistent viral infections are associated with host and viral factors that impair effective antiviral immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to establishment of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice through suppression of virus-specific T cell responses during the first few days of infection, but NK cell depletion during those early time points can enab...

Natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow (BM)-derived granular lymphocytes involved in immune defense against microbial infections and tumors. In an N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis strategy, we identified a mouse mutant with impaired NK cell reactivity both in vitro and in vivo. Dissection of this phenotype showed that mature neutrophils were required both in the BM and in the peripher...

CD20 mAb-mediated B cell depletion is an effective treatment for B cell malignancies and some autoimmune diseases. However, the full effects of B cell depletion on natural, primary, and secondary Ab responses and the maintenance of Ag-specific serum Ig levels are largely unknown. The relationship between memory B cells, long-lived plasma cells, and long-lived humoral immunity also remains contr...