this study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by english natives and iranian non-natives. in so doing, 60 sales contracts were selected, 30 written by native english and 30 by iranian non-natives. based on hyland and tse’s taxonomy, the contracts were codified and classified in terms of the frequency and percentage of the interactiv...

Using Spencer-Oatey’s (2004, 2008) Rapport Management approach, this study was conducted to elicit the reprimanding response behavior of native Persian speakers and EFL Learners. The participants of this study were 30 native Persian speakers and 60 EFL learners. To fulfill the purposes of this study, a six-binary situation Interactive Discourse Completion (IDCT) Task was utilized. Emotion Liker...

Using Spencer-Oatey’s (2004, 2008) Rapport Management approach, this study was conducted to elicit the reprimanding response behavior of native Persian speakers and EFL Learners. The participants of this study were 30 native Persian speakers and 60 EFL learners. To fulfill the purposes of this study, a six-binary situation Interactive Discourse Completion (IDCT) Task was utilized. Emotion Liker...

Academic discourse has always been the focus of many linguists, especially those who have been involved with English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and discourse analysis. Persuasion, as part of rhetorical structure of academic writing, is partly achieved by employing modality markers.  Adopting a descriptive design, the present study was carried out to compare the use of modality markers in terms...

The aim of this paper is to contribute learner corpus research into formulaic language in native and non-native German. To effect, a argumentative essays written by advanced British students German (WHiG) was compared with speakers (Falko-L1). A corpus-driven analysis reveals larger number 3-grams WHiG than Falko-L1, which suggests that learners are more likely use writing their native-speaker ...

Great writers help keep a language efficient for discourse of all kinds. In doing so they produce exceptional texts which may defy Statistical Machine Translation by employing uncommon idiom. Such “turns of phrase” can enter into a Nation’s collective memory and form the basis from which compassion and conviction are conveyed during important national discourse. Communities that unite across la...

This study investigates the degree to which native-English speaking learners of Spanish can generate expectations for information likely to occur in upcoming portions of an unfolding linguistic signal. We examine Spanish Clitic Left Dislocation, a long-distance dependency between a topicalized object and an agreeing clitic, whose felicity depends on the discourse. Using a self-paced reading tas...