The argument on the behaviour of government expenditure toward reducing poverty level is still controversial among economists and policymakers. This study investigates role development in alleviating Malaysia. employs a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model from 1970 to 2019 using annual time series data. bounds test NARDL specification suggests presence cointegration variables...

We examine the long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for Bangladesh annual data from 1980-2016. find an asymmetric Bangladesh's economy since a one percent increase in receipt increases by about 0.19 percent. On contrary, due to decline receipt, will decrease 0.66 So, have higher negative impact on than...

This paper examines the asymmetric effect of Bitcoin on three altcoins, namely Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP) and Litecoin (LTC) by using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for period July 2015 to March 2019. We provide evidence impact altcoins both in short-run long-run. In short-run, a decrease price has greater than an increase prices altcoins. asymmetry is more frequent af...

Researchers have shown an increased interest in the nexus between economic growth and foreign borrowing. This study explores effect of external debt sustainability on Sri Lanka’s by applying a non-linear auto regressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, which allows us to decompose variables into positive negative effects, based annual data covering period 1980 – 2021. The estimated NARDL model sh...

Purpose This study aims to examine the symmetric and asymmetric impact of external debt on inflation in Sudan from 1970 2020 within a multivariate framework by including money supply nominal effective exchange rate as additional determinants. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model inflation, while is examined using Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) ...

Abstract The European Union (EU) has been using economic sanctions both as a foreign policy tool and liberal alternative to military action. Since 2006, it implementing general against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations, since 2007, following imposition by UN Security Council, also smart targeting Iranian entities natural persons associated with country's activities. In ...

This study constructs the financial stability indexes of Islamic and conventional banking systems for Indonesia using dynamic factor model. Both are then linked to economic performance in by employing a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) We contribute literature investigating possibility asymmetric linkages between both system performance. The constructed broad range macro-financi...

The paper aims to examine the nonlinear asymmetric relationship among implied volatility indices of Indian stock market, gold, and oil for period from 2nd March 2009 29th October 2021. Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model results provide evidence selected variables in short-run long-run. positive negative shocks gold have a significant influence on market. expected has short-t...