Techniques for characterization and methods for fabrication at the nano-scale are becoming more powerful, giving new insights into the spatial relationships between nanostructures and greater control over their development. A case in point is the application of state-of-the-art focused ion beam technology (FIB), in combination with high-performance scanning electron microscopy (SEM), giving the...

mathematics or on quantum mechanics. List of All Articles 16 4.3 General Solution to Wave Equation Mukul Agrawal Noticing that f j t (t) forms an orthonormal set of functions, we get ( ∂ 2 ∂x2 + ∂ 2 ∂y2 + ∂ 2 ∂ z2 ) f j xyz(x,y,z) =−εμ0ωj f j xyz(x,y,z) (15) Hence the space dependent separable part of the eigen function of the operator i ∂ ∂ t , i.e. the f j xyz(x,y,z), should be an eigen funct...

The system CuGaSe2 CuGa3Se5 in thin films has been investigated. Layer synthesis was carried out by chemical close-spaced vapour transport (CCSVT) using Cu precursors on Mo/soda-lime glass substrates. The extension of deposition times in a two-step process led to final film compositions with [Ga]/[Cu] ratios ranging from 1 to 3, allowing the study of the phase transition mentioned above. Films ...

In this work we study the reflection of circularly polarised light from a nano-structured biological material found in the exocuticle of scarabus beetles. This material is made of a stack of ultra-thin (~5 nm) uniaxial layers arranged in a left-handed helicoidal stack, which resonantly reflects circularly polarized light. A chirp in the layer thickness combined with a finite absorption coeffici...

Biofilm is a common bacterial lifestyle, and it plays a crucial role in human health, causing biofilm-mediated infections. Recently, to counteract biofilm development, new nano-structured biomaterials have been proposed. However, data about the antibacterial properties of nano-structured surfaces are fragmentary and controversial, and, in particular, the susceptibility of nano-structured materi...

All natural structures are created from their molecular precursors and are thus hierarchical. Every natural structure is built up from sub-structures that are of the nano-sized range. We are thus surrounded by nano-materials. Our own body is a perfect example of a nano-structured material. Every single part of the body is built up from nanostructures which have completely different structural a...

the synthesis of nano- structured cobalt through a controlled chemical process followed by heat treating at various temperatures is studied. the product is characterized by icp, xrd, fesem , and tem, indicating that the as- synthesized particles have an amorphous structure with 1.76 for co/b ratio, an average size of 50 nm. the transformation of intermediate phases into single phase nano- cryst...