chin-nameh has been edited and annotated recently. there are many persian words in this book which have undergone semantic transformation in hindi. without knowing their new meanings, one can hardly, if ever, understand the text. as there is no dictionary defining such words, the researcher is obliged to refer to other sources for correction and annotation to find the words here and there. the ...

nader nezam tehrani is one of the contemporary poets whose poetries have been recently published. his poems involve various subjects and concepts such as quran and hadith which can be seen implicitly in his works by the aid of allusions and adaptations. humanism is another concept used in his works and has been utilized in his politic sonnets; the nature and the dreams are the main characterist...

sediments of the nezam-abad area, south-east of bam have been studied for the first time. sedimentary facies are composed of thin-bedded clay, silt and fine grained sand interbedded with thin laminated limestone. chemical analysis of x-ray florescent indicates that more than 50% of sediments consist of silisium and aluminum oxide that can be used for reconstruction of environment. ninety eight ...

banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of ferdowsi's shahnameh about banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of rostam. the poem, the only epic in persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence of banugushasb in the context of epic and her heroism. they sometimes related her...

“ibn-e hisam-khosfi” is a poet of ninth hijra century who composed “khavar-nameh” in describing imam ali (a.s) and his followers’ braveries and battles as approach and style of ferdousy’s shahname. in this rhymed piece, he did not only consider expressing the story sufficient but also made an effort to publish the religious and moral concepts and utilized a lot from quran to express these conce...

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