In the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) glial cells are known to be generated from glioblasts, which produce exclusively glia or neuroglioblasts that bifurcate to produce both neuronal and glial sublineages. We show that the genesis of a subset of glial cells, the subperineurial glia (SPGs), involves a new mechanism and requires Notch. We demonstrate that the SPGs share direct sibling re...

Lateral inhibition, wherein a single cell signals to its neighbors to prevent them from adopting its own fate, is the best-known setting for cell-cell communication via the Notch (N) pathway. During peripheral neurogenesis in Drosophila, sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells arise within proneural clusters (PNCs), small groups of cells endowed with SOP fate potential by their expression of proneu...

Considering the increasing trend for ectopic pregnancies in the world and different reports on its complications and the fate of the following pregnancies, this study was performed to determine the relationship between these factors in referrals of the hospitals of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 1991 to 1996. The cohort strategy of this research study was carried out on 2...

Most of us, scientists and laymen alike, are deeply fascinated by old-growth forest. We travel to places like the Tongass National Forest in Alaska or the Biatowieža National Park in Poland to enjoy the sight of forests left to their own devices, with their majestic trees, intriguing structure and rare wildlife. For us, the fascination arises from a mixture of interest, aesthetic pleasure and m...

The traditional contract between the network and the lower layers states that the network does routing and the lower layers deliver correct packets. In a wireless network, however, different nodes may hear most bits in a transmission, yet none of them receives the whole packet uncorrupted. The current approach imposes fate sharing on the bits, dropping a whole packet because of a few incorrect ...

Intelligent game-based learning environments show considerable promise for creating effective and engaging learning experiences that are tailored to individuals. To date, much of the research on intelligent game-based learning environments has focused on formal education settings and training. However, intelligent game-based learning environments also offer significant potential for informal ed...