b-lactoglobulin (Coded by the b-lg gene) is the major milk whey protein in ruminants. Studies have shown that this protein is polymorphic in many breeds of sheep as a result of a single base pair substitution in the b-lg gene that also gives rise to RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Blood samples were collected from 391 animals belonging to 5 Iranian and 6 Russian sheep bree...

objective: despite availability of an effective vaccine against hepatitis b virus (hbv), the global prevalence of this virus infection has not diminished significantly. contrary to numerous other human viruses, hbv does not have the ability to propagate in cell culture. however, infectious virus has been produced by transfection of human hepatoma cells with plasmids that contain full length hbv...

background: equine piroplasmosis is caused by two haemoprotozoan parasites: babesia caballi and theileria equi . negative economic impact on international trade has been associated to endemic sites. this is the reason why carrier detection requires reliable diagnostic methods. various diagnostic modalities can be used alone or in combination including pcr. however, genetic variation of commonly...

conclusions the results indicated that there was a positive association between susceptibility to chronic hbv infection and tnf-α polymorphism. in addition, hbv patients carrying -308 gg, -857 cc, and -863 aa genotypes with lower serum levels of tnf-α had an increased risk of infection. background the host genetic background regulates the natural history of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infec...

conclusions this study showed that the presence of mutation at codons rtl80v, rtl180m and rtm204v in a, b and c domains is associated with higher viral load and resistance to lamivudine (3tc) respectively. results about 6% (3 of 50) of samples were hbeag positive and 94% (47 of 50) of patients were hbeag negative by elisa method. the patients' alt level was between 16 and 95 iu/l with the mean ...

b-lactoglobulin (coded by the b-lg gene) is the major milk whey protein in ruminants. studies have shown that this protein is polymorphic in many breeds of sheep as a result of a single base pair substitution in the b-lg gene that also gives rise to rsai restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). blood samples were collected from 391 animals belonging to 5 iranian and 6 russian sheep bree...

staphylococcus aureus is a hazard to human health since they can cause a wide variety of hospital-associated infections ranging from minor skin infections to post-operative wound infections and food poisoning which produces many different virulence factors, including enterotoxins (ses). although  studies  have  been  done  regarding  the difference  between  virulence  factors  of  sensitive st...

We present an integrated stand-alone software package named KaKs_Calculator 2.0 as an updated version. It incorporates 17 methods for the calculation of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates; among them, we added our modified versions of several widely used methods as the gamma series including gamma-NG, gamma-LWL, gamma-MLWL, gamma-LPB, gamma-MLPB, gamma-YN and gamma-MYN, which have ...

members of the genus bacillus are among the most promising candidates for biological control of plant pathogenic bacteria. in this study, cell free supernatants of three strains b. subtilis utb96, b. subtilis utb1 and b. subtilis utb70 against aspergillus flavus r5 were investigated using dual culture assay. strain b. subtilis utb96 showed the highest inhibition effect. thin lyer chromatography...