Myelination occurs selectively around neuronal axons to increase the efficiency and velocity of action potentials. While oligodendrocytes are capable of myelinating permissive structures in the absence of molecular cues, structurally permissive neuronal somata and dendrites remain unmyelinated. Utilizing a purified spinal cord neuron-oligodendrocyte myelinating co-culture system, we demonstrate...

Altered myelin structure and oligodendrocyte function have been shown to correlate with cognitive and motor dysfunction and deficits in social behavior. We and others have previously demonstrated that social isolation in mice induced behavioral, transcriptional, and ultrastructural changes in oligodendrocytes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, whether enhancing myelination and oligodendro...

This study establishes the sequence of myelination in a population of autopsied infants from birth through the second postnatal year. Myelination was assessed in 62 precisely defined central nervous system (CNS) sites of 162 infants with diverse diseases who were autopsied from 1972 to 1984 at Children's Hospital, Boston. The degree of myelination was graded on an ordinal scale of 0-4 using the...

Myelin, the insulating layers of membrane wrapped around axons by oligodendrocytes, is essential for normal impulse conduction. It forms during late stages of fetal development but continues into early adult life. Myelination correlates with cognitive development and can be regulated by impulse activity through unknown molecular mechanisms. Astrocytes do not form myelin, but these nonneuronal c...

the effect of nerve growth factor (ngf) on regeneration of rat sciatic nerves in adult rat was studied. the sciatic nerve was cut out across a 6‑mm gap, then the proximal and distal stumps were inserted into the silicone tube chamber. 7s ngf was extracted from submaxillary gland and then was injected into the silicone in experimental group. after seven months nerve was transected and stained wi...

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in vivo or in the presence of other permissive factors can promote myelination in the central nervous system. In the current study, we examine the role of IGF-I in the myelination of peripheral nerves. In rat cocultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and Schwann cells (SC) grown in serum- and insulin-free defined medium, IGF-I induces a dose dependent upregula...

In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath, which allows the efficient propagation of action potentials along axons. The transcription factor Krox20 regulates the initiation of myelination in Schwann cells and is also required to maintain mature myelin. The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126 is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination, but previous stud...

A retrospective study was made of 60 patients, 1 month to 3 years old, to determine the normal progression of white matter myelination on MR imaging. All examinations were performed with a 1.5-T unit, and axial T1- and T2-weighted images were evaluated in each patient. Multiple sites in the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum were examined in each case for the presence and degree of myelination....