This document contains several sections of the CAST-256 AES Submission Package delivered to NIST on June 9, 1998. All complete submissions received by NIST will be made public in late August at the First AES Candidate Conference, but the following material is being made available now so that public analysis of the CAST-256 algorithm may begin (see, for example, http://www.ii.uib.no/~larsr/aes.h...

Dieta.—Male Wistar rats were placed on a semi synthetic diet at weaning, and the food consump tion of each was measured. A week later each rat was paired with one of equal body weight and food consumption. At this time one rat of each pair was designated as the experimental rat which would receive a tumor transplant; the other rat, his pair fed control, consumed the amount of diet eaten by th...

The a3b4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype is widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including in airway sensory nerves. The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal. Menthol, a widely used additive in cigarettes, is a potential analgesic...

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the functional loss of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. D eletion of the FMR1 ortholog in D rosophila melanogaster (Fmr1) recapitulates many phenotypes associated w ith fragile X syndrome. W e have discovered that Fmr1 mutant D rosophila die during development when reared on food containing increased levels of glutamate, w hich is consistent w ith ...

The production of neurons from neural progenitor cells, the growth of axons and dendrites and the formation and reorganization of synapses are examples of neuroplasticity. These processes are regulated by cell-autonomous and intercellular (paracrine and endocrine) programs that mediate responses of neural cells to environmental input. Mitochondria are highly mobile and move within and between s...

In this paper we present a cryptanalysis of a new 256-bit hash function, FORK-256, proposed by Hong et al. at FSE 2006. This cryptanalysis is based on some unexpected differentials existing for the step transformation. We show their possible uses in different attack scenarios by giving a 1-bit (resp. 2-bit) near collision attack against the full compression function of FORK-256 running with com...

fant health outcomes, as well as reduced educational and employment opportunities for young mothers.2 Teenage pregnancy, early childbearing and adverse infant health outcomes are most likely to occur among disadvantaged women with restricted access to health services, but the social and economic pathways to these outcomes are not well understood.3 A great deal of attention has been focused on t...

Dabigatran etexilate, a double prodrug of dabigatran, is a reversible, competitive, direct thrombin inhibitor that has been approved for use in many countries. A recent guideline from the European Medicines Agency on drug-drug interactions proposed dabigatran etexilate as a sensitive in vivo and in vitro probe substrate for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. We therefore performed a s...