is well known, when sperm cells of Drosophila are treated with X-rays, Asrelatively few of the induced mutations are visibles; the great majority are lethals. In the case of chemical mutagens, the results are somewhat different. According to work reported by the FAHMYS (1956) chemical mutagens induce a relatively high visible rate. The FAHMYS have concluded that chemical mutagens have a specifi...

Directly combined high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been studied as a method of analysis of heterocyclic aromatic mutagens in cooked foods, in the parts per billion concentration range. Identification and semiquantitative estimation of mutagens is based on accurate measurement of chromatographic retention (k') and molecular weight-selective detection of mutage...

We used classical mutagens in Gram-negative Escherichia coli to study synergies with different classes of antibiotics, test models of antibiotic mechanisms of action, and examine the basis of synergy. We used 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), zebularine (ZEB), 5-azacytidine (5AZ), 2-aminopurine (2AP), and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5BrdU) as mutagens (with bactericidal potency of 4NQO > ZEB > 5AZ > 2A...

The use of mutagens in plant breeding is used to create new germplasm, increase agricultural yield, quality, and resistance diseases pests. Mutagens are physical or chemical factors that can alter the DNA RNA structure an organism, causing mutations above expected level. One most common potent EMS (ethyl-methane sulfonate), which produces point plants, but a lesser degree also cause loss deleti...

Domestic sewage treated in municipal sewage treatment plants is only analyzed for its physicochemical properties correction prior to its discharge but as domestic sewage is proved to contain genotoxicity also, it is suggested that the discharge should also be checked for genotoxicity. Many microbial genotoxicity tests are employed for genotoxicity testing. These tests are simple, quick and empl...

Determination of mutagenic activity in bacterial systems has become accepted as an initial step in the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of new chemicals. In this paper, a bacterial mutagen screening technique is described in which chemicals can be tested in 10 tester strains over a 10,000-fold concentration gradient both with and without metabolic activation. Using this assay, 855 chemi...

somatic mutation: a mutation in a somatic cell; somatic mutations produce "mosaic" or "chimeric' organisms since they have sectors of cells with different genotypes. In some plants and fungi tissue from the "mutant" sector may be grown into a whole reproducing organism; some of our better apple varieties arose from mutant sectors on a tree. Somatic mutations in animals can lead to cancer when g...

A total of 224 chemicals that have been tested in long-term studies for carcinogenicity in rats and mice by the National Cancer Institute and the National Toxicology Program were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. Correlations between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity were examined. The influences of chemical structure, rodent species and organ responses, and bacterial strain res...