a total of 1118 soldiers who were wounded in war and hospitalized in tehran, were examined for p .versicolor-a superficial mycotic infection. of these, 213 were war-wounded, 54 chemical (mustard) gas-wounded, 42 both war and chemical gas-wounded, 105 had infectious and noninfectious diseases, and 704 were apparently healthy soldiers serving in war fronts who were examined for p. versicolor and ...

Chemical agents such as mustard gas (or sulfur mustard), which has alkylating characteristics, were used against Iranian combatants in the Iraq-Iran war. Previous studies have not shown a strong link between these chemical agents and the development of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the increased risk of CML development in Iranian soldiers exposed t...

purpose: to determine any possible correlation between delayed ocular complications with late-onset complications of mustard gas poisoning in other systems including skin, respiratory tract, and immunohematologic system. methods: the study was conducted on 40 chemical war victims in khorasan province, iran. ophthalmologic and dermatologic examinations and spirometry were performed for all patie...

Sulfur mustard (SM) or mustard gas is a chemical alkylating agent that causes blisters in the skin (blister gas), burns the eyes and causes lung injury. Some major cellular pathways are involved in the damage caused by mustard gas such as NF-κb signaling, TGF-β signaling, WNT pathway, inflammation, DNA repair and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are non-coding small RNAs (19-25 nucleotides) that are involv...

The vesicant agents of the unitary chemical munitions stockpile include various formulations of sulfur mustard [bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; agents H, HD, and HT] and small quantities of the organic arsenical Lewisite [dichloro(2-chlorovinyl) arsine; agent L]. These agents can be dispersed in liquid, aerosol, or vapor form and are capable of producing severe chemical burns upon direct contact w...

background: about 100,000 iranian have been exposed to chemical weapons during iraq‑iran conflict (1980‑88). after being spent of more than two decades, still about 30,000 of them are under follow‑up treatment. the main aim of this study was to review various preventive and therapeutic methods for injured patients with sulfur mustard in different phases. methods: for gathering information, we h...

purpose : to review ocular surface abnormalities caused by exposure to mustard gas and current approaches to manage its delayed-onset complications methods : a total of 198 medical articles related to mustard gas were reviewed using known international medical databases, 114 articles were more relevant to the main aim were selected. results : mustard gas-related ocular injuries can be divided i...