There are many chemical constituents that enter the municipal waste stream that are of potential concern for human health. These substances include organic chemicals, inorganic trace elements (such as cadmium and lead), and nitrogen. Conventional agricultural practices, such as the use of commercial fertilizers, also have the potential to introduce additional chemical constituents to soil. Howe...

Microbial bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) utilize living microorganisms to drive oxidation and reduction reactions at solid electrodes. BESs could potentially be used at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to recover the energy content of organic matter, to produce chemicals useful at the site, or to monitor and control biological treatment processes. In this paper, we review bioele...

Microalgae have been regarded as a natural resource for sustainable materials and fuels, as well as for removal of nutrients and micropollutants from wastewater, and their interaction with bacteria in wastewater is a critical factor to consider because of the microbial diversity and complexity in a variety of wastewater conditions. Despite their importance, very little is known about the ecolog...

The simultaneous dynamic equations for substrate and biomass mass were used to assess the UASB reactor performance of municipal wastewater. The dynamic model equations were solved by using a m.file in MATLAB2011a command window and dynamic equations for substrate and biomass. The objectives of this paper are (1) To develop a simple CSTR model for simulation of UASB reactors performance assuming...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa background: nowadays wastewater is one of the important sources of environmental pollutions and   one of the aims of wastewater treatment is to maintain a healthy environment. nonstandard wastewater discharges and their use in agriculture or discharge to surface water will follow environmental and health hazards. the aim of this study was to compare th...

Microalgae can be used for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The application of microalgal biofilms in wastewater treatment systems seems attractive, being able to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and COD from wastewater at a short hydraulic retention time. This study therefore investigates the area requirement, achieved effluent concentrations and biomass production of a hypothetical large-sca...

Exogenous estrogens or pollutants with estrogen-like activity can induce vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in male and juvenile fish, making this protein a useful indicator of chemicals that mimic estrogenic activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of municipal wastewater on blood biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Under experimental conditions, biomark...

Aims: We aimed to compare Salmonella isolates from different sources using molecular and phenotypic methods, targeting better possibility of understanding the epidemiology of this organism in the Greek context with emphasis in municipal wastewater. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in combination with antimicrobial susceptibility testing to an...

Hybrid bioreactor having both suspended-growth and attached-growth bacteria is found a novel and excellent bioreactor system for treating the municipal wastewater containing inhibitory substrates too. In this reactor a fraction of substrate is used by suspended biomass and the remaining by attached biomass resulting in the competition between the two growths for the substrate. The combination o...

This research proposes the simple and reliable procedure of screening a wide range of polarity trace organic pollutants in influent and effluent municipal wastewater. Such a method includes concentrations of analytes on C18 bonded phase cartridges and its subsequent eluting with organic solvents of different polarity: n-hexane, ethyl ether, and methanol. Each eluate is directed to gas chromatog...