Abstract This paper shows how to transform explosive many-valued systems into paraconsistent logics. We investigate mainly the case of three-valued exhibiting non-explosive logics can be obtained from them.

In this paper we develop a 2-valued reduction of many-valued logics, into 2-valued multi-modal logics. Such an approach is based on the contextualization of many-valued logics with the introduction of higher-order Herbrand interpretation types, where we explicitly introduce the coexistence of a set of algebraic truth values of original many-valued logic, transformed as parameters (or possible w...

This paper aims to help to elucidate some questions on the duality between the intuitionistic and the paraconsistent paradigms of thought, proposing some new classes of anti-intuitionistic propositional logics and investigating their relationships with the original intuitionistic logics. It is shown here that anti-intuitionistic logics are paraconsistent, and in particular we develop a first an...

due to the high density and the low consumption power in the digital integrated circuits, mostly technology of cmos is used. during the past times, the metal oxide silicon field effect transistors (mosfet) had been used for the design and implementation of the digital integrated circuits because they are compact and also they have the less consumption power and delay to the other transistors. b...

The basic principles and results of Conservative Logic introduced by Fredkin and Toffoli in [FT, 82] on the basis of a seminal paper of Landauer [La, 61] are extended to d–valued logics, with a special attention to three–valued logics. Different approaches to d–valued logics are examined in order to determine some possible universal sets of logic primitives. In particular, we consider the typic...

Multiple-valued logics [2] provide an interesting alternative to classical boolean logic for modeling and reasoning about systems. By allowing additional truth values, they support the explicit modeling of uncertainty and disagreement. In order to do temporal reasoning over multiple-valued systems, we must extend a classical temporal logic to the multiple-valued case. For instance, the branchin...

The question as to whether the propositional logic of Heyting, which was a formalization of Brouwer's intuitionistic logic, is finitely many valued or not, was open for a while (the question was asked by Hahn). Kurt Gödel (1932) introduced an infinite decreasing chain of intermediate logics, which are known nowadays as Gödel logics, for showing that the intuitionistic logic is not finitely (man...