AIMS Hyperthyroidism includes several clinical and histopathological situations. Surgery is commonly indicated after failure of medical treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the indications and complications of surgery as well as endocrine results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients operated on for hyperthyroidism between 2004 and 2012 were included in a retrospective study. Total thyro...

Toxic multinodular goiter is a cause of nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and is believed to differ in its nature and pathogenesis from toxic adenoma. Gain-of-function mutations of the TSH receptor gene have been identified as a cause of toxic adenoma. The pathogenesis at the molecular level of hyperfunctioning nodules in toxic multinodular goiter has yet not been reported. Six patients with a sing...

A 63 years old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, on thyroxin treatment presented imaging studies concordant with a multinodular goiter, a "hot" nodule in the left lobe and partial suppression of the right lobe. After thyroxin withdrawal overt hypothyroidism developed, yet the patient's imaging studies were not altered. This is a case of hypothyroidism in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditi...

Patients with large benign goiters often present local compressive symptoms that require surgical treatment, including dysphagia, neck tightness, and airway obstruction. In contrast, patients with such goiters who remain asymptomatic may be observed after exclusion of malignancy. The use of levothyroxine (LT4) to reduce the volume of the goiter is still a controversial treatment for large goite...

Importance of iodine and selenium in thyroid metabolism is well known, but the roles of other essential trace elements including copper, zinc, manganese and iron on thyroid hormone homeostasis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of those trace elements in benign thyroid diseases and evaluate possible links between trace element concentrations and thyroid hormones...

Thyroid cancer can be associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. The objective of this study was to summarize current evidence regarding the association of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism, particularly with respect to the type of hyperthyroidism found in some patients, and whether this affects the outcome ...

There are two clinical situations in which establishing the diagnosis of a toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goiter is more difficult. First, the autonomously functioning tissue may be sufficiently diffuse that it is difficult to differentiate a toxic multinodular goiter from Graves' disease by thyroid scintigraphy alone. When it is important to distinguish these disorders, a high serum conce...

Objective: To evaluate the status of thyroid function in large multinodular goiters of more than 20 years duration. Study design: Prospective, observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS) Muzaffarabad. The study included data from Jan 2011 to Dec 2012. Materials and Methods: Patients with large multinodular goiters (MNG) of m...