Many previous studies have shown that by using variants of "guilt-by-association", gene function predictions can be made with very high statistical confidence. In these studies, it is assumed that the "associations" in the data (e.g., protein interaction partners) of a gene are necessary in establishing "guilt". In this paper we show that multifunctionality, rather than association, is a primar...

Pheromones are low molecular weight chemical substances that are produced by a plant or animal and cause a response in another individual of same or another spices. Pheromones can be of many different chemical types, to serve different functions even for survival of the individual. Pheromones are sending out subconscious scent signals to male or female that naturally trigger attraction, arousal...

Proceedings of the Workshop on Discourse Markers The Multifunctionality of Discourse Markers

This paper examines the implications of cross-linguistic multifunctionality patterns, as described by semantic maps, in terms of mental representation, that is, to what extent these patterns tell us something about the existence of a relationship between different conceptual situations that is perceived by speakers and is arguably represented in a speaker’s mind. By conceptual situation is mean...

Multifunctional genes are expected to evolve at lower rates because mutations in such genes that improve one function might often have deleterious effects on other functions. Here we tested for an association between multifunctionality and evolutionary rates in genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and we find a highly significant negative correlation between the number of biological processes in ...