The study investigated word recognition during neural activation in monolinguals and bilinguals. We specifically examined retrieval blood-oxygenation changes the prefrontal cortex a code-mixed task. Participants completed gating task incorporating monolingual sentences Spanish-English while using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure changes. Word contained four phonotactic c...

Voice onset time (VOT) is a salient acoustic parameter of speech which signals the 'voiced' and 'voiceless' status of plosives in English (e.g. the initial sound in 'bat' versus the initial sound in 'pat'). As a micro-temporal acoustic parameter, VOT may be sensitive to changes in hormones which may affect the neuromuscular systems involved in speech production. This study adopted a novel appro...

Very sharp discrimination functions for the timing of voice onset relative to stop release characterize perceptual boundaries between certain pairs of stop consonants for adult speakers of many languages. To explore how these discriminations depend on experience, their development was studied among Kikuyu children, whose native language contains no stops in which voicing is substantially delaye...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the language attitudes of Japanese university students toward Japanese English in comparison to their attitudes toward Chinese English and American English. Voiced Guise Technique and questionnaires were used as methodology, having 80 students as participants. The study found that their evaluation of Japanese English was intermediate in terms of solid...

Most multi-pitch algorithms are tested for performance only in voiced regions of speech, and are prone to yield pitch estimates even when the participating speakers are unvoiced. This paper presents a multi-pitch algorithm that detects the voiced and unvoiced regions in a mixture of two speakers, identifies the number of speakers in voiced regions, and yields the pitch estimates of each speaker...

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a pedagogy grounded in dialogical ideals has the potential to empower students to make changes in English classroom interaction. The study first scrutinized the traditional “banking” educational system in English classrooms in which students were passive learners to realize students’ silence and powerlessness in classrooms. Then, after realizing...

The present study examines phonetic characteristics of Korean L2 learners in their acquisition of English and Japanese stop voicing contrasts. Voice onset time (VOT) was measured on their Korean, English and Japanese utterances, and it was found that VOT is functional in distinguishing a three-way contrast of Korean stops, and that Korean L2 learners use their tense, unaspirated stops for voice...

Korean nasals /m/ and /n/ are generally considered by Korean phoneticians to be hardly different from the corresponding English sounds, but those in word-initial position are often perceived as plosives by native speakers of English. This had been noted by only a few previous observers, and investigated on a very limited scale. In this study, various experimental methods were employed in system...