Nowadays, given the rapid growth of socioeconomic issues, more emphasis is being placed upon providing the consumers with higher quality services. Consequently, many modern societies are seeking to use new energy management systems to reduce the environmental pollutions and operational costs resulting from electrical energy generation systems. So, benefiting from various renewable energy resour...

The minimum crossing number problem is among the oldest and most fundamental problems arising in the area of automatic graph drawing. In this paper, eight population-based meta-heuristic algorithms are utilized to tackle the minimum crossing number problem for two special types of graphs, namely complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs. A 2-page book drawing representation is employed for ...

We study Big Crunch/Big Bang cosmologies that correspond to exact worldsheet superconformal field theories of type II strings. The string theory spacetime contains a Big Crunch and a Big Bang cosmology, as well as additional “whisker” asymptotic and intermediate regions. Within the context of free string theory, we compute, unambiguously, the scalar fluctuation spectrum in all regions of spacet...

Among the different lateral force resisting systems, shear walls are of appropriate stiffness and hence are extensively employed in the design of high-rise structures. The architectural concerns regarding the safety of these structures have further widened the application of coupled shear walls. The present study investigated the optimal dimensional design of coupled shear walls based on the im...

An accurate optimal design of laminated composite structures may present considerable difficulties due to the complexity and multi-modality of the functional design space. The Big Bang – Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization method is a relatively new technique and has already proved to be a valuable tool for structural optimization. In the present study the exceptional efficiency of the method is de...

In this study, topology optimization is applied to concentrically braced frames in order to find economical solutions for conventional structural steel frames. Differential Evolution Algorithm and Dolphin Echolocation Optimization are applied for structural optimization. Numerical examples are studied and results of comparison with other meta-heuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm, A...

This paper presents a Big Bang Big Crunch concept based search algorithm for automatic generation of structural software tests. Test cases are symbolically generated by measuring fitness of individuals with the help of branch distance based objective function. Evaluation of the test generator was performed using ten real world programs. Some of these programs had large ranges for input variable...