The present research paper has analyzed Mohsin Hamid’s Moth Smoke by treating history of India and Pakistan allegorically. Through the selected characters writer made satire on Mughal Empire as well political leaders time who have ruined resources country subjugated people for celebration their power. discusses global issues through discussion local in novel. This qualitative based anticolonial...

This research aims to reveal the main factors underlying glory of Mughal Islamic empire by using a qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data are collected through literature study books and ebooks. The results prove that: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was first Muslim ruler who could maintain his position for long time, not merely fulfill personal ambitions but take advantage as king unite...

AbstractThis research aims to determine the main factors underlying glory of Mughal Islamic empire by using a qualitative approach with descriptive method. Methods data collection literature study books and ebooks. The results prove that: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was first Muslim ruler who able maintain his position in long time, not merely fulfill personal ambitions but take advantage as king...

Saleh Kambo, a court historian of Shah Jahan (1628-58), while discussing the buildings, frequently used the phrases such as “makan dilnasheen hai az nasheman hai nuzhat aafreen” which means “heart pleasing buildings and praiseworthy mansions”. Every Mughal building designed surpassed its predecessor in terms of its design quality and decorative details. From the selection of the site to final d...

Amputation of the nose was practiced as a sign of humiliation to adulterers, thieves, and prisoners of war by certain ancient populations. To erase this disfigurement, numerous techniques were invented over the centuries. In India, where this injury was common, advancement cheek flaps were performed (around 600 BC). The forehead flap was introduced much later, probably around the 16th century. ...


 The paper aims at providing a comprehensive description of the manuscript Rampur, Rampur Raza Library 3476 (ḥikma 112), which contains three four main parts Avicenna’s philosophical magnum opus, Kitāb al-Šifāʾ (the Book Cure or: Healing). This documents important developments in history Arabic-Islamic philosophy. First, it attests precise intellectual genealogy within influential Daštakī...

Abstract Between 1562 and 1579, the third Mughal emperor Akbar undertook 17 pilgrimages to Sufi shrine of Muinuddin Chishti in Ajmer western India. This article analyses them as a form peripatetic kingship. It studies specific actions around show how they articulated understanding monarchy, one that derived legitimacy from spiritual authority masters sacred sites. then shows strategic location ...

Abstract The 1930s Hindi short story “Mugaloṃ ne saltanat bakhś dī” (“The Mughals Gave the Sultanate Away”) by self-proclaimed apolitical author Bhagavatīcaraṇ Varmā offers an alternative version of how British Crown took rule India away from Mughal Empire. An in-depth analysis this written during buildup to decolonization evaluates two different kinds what is often referred as “outside rulers”...