The weight of the body is transmitted to foot through subtalar joint and talus. Considering important location talus calcaneus, morphological structures these bones may affect biomechanics joint. At same time, structure in some common deformities. We aimed investigate whether various measurements calcaneus are associated with different deformities this study. In study, radiography images 158 (7...

Abstract Morphological abnormalities in crustaceans have been registered and several are attributed to pollution others anthropogenic activities. This study reports for the first time a temporal record of amount variety morphological Acartia lilljeborgii, an impacted neotropical estuary. The specimens were obtained from Suape port area, Northeast Brazil, between May 2009 September 2010 using 30...

The anadromous Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is endangered and listed among the first class of protected animals in China. The possible causes for the decline of this species are the effects of synthetic chemicals, and loss of critical habitat. Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River have accumulated triphenyltin (TPT) to 31-128 ng/g wet weigh (ww) in liver, which is greater than the conc...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosalone on some mineral contents, morphological abnormalities and spinal deformities in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.1758). Fish were exposed to 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 mg L of phosalone using a semi-static exposure regime for 14 days. Experiments were conducted in triplicate for control treatments and phosalone concentrations. At the e...

Vertebral development is a dynamic and complicated process, and defects can be caused by a variety of influences. Spinal curvature with no known cause (idiopathic scoliosis) affects 2-3% of the human population. In order to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of complex human skeletal defects such as idiopathic scoliosis, multiple models must be used to study all of the factors affecting v...

congenital double lip anomaly is an infrequent developmental abnormality affecting the lips, more commonly the upper lip. 5 cases of double lip are being reported for the first time from iran and all confined to the upper lip. a new surgical excision is being introduced which is called transverse cupid bow-like elliptical incision. the previous traditional method was a simple elliptical excisio...

Abnormal bony morphology is a factor implicated in hip joint soft tissue damage and an increased lifetime risk of osteoarthritis. Standard 2-dimensional radiographic measurements for diagnosis of hip deformities, such as cam deformities on the femoral neck, do not capture the full joint geometry and are not indicative of symptomatic damage. In this study, a 3-dimensional geometric parameterisat...

background unlike congenital auricular malformations which are identified by underdevelopment of dermal and cartilaginous tissues, deformed ears are less sever congenital anomalies characterized only by a misshaped pinna structure and can be improved with acceptable cosmetic results and minimal cost through ear molding if treated in early neonatal period. in this study, authors present the firs...

Deformities and fluctuating asymmetry in chironomid larvae have been proposed as sensitive indicators of biological stress and are commonly used to assess the ecological impact of human activities. In particular, they have been associated in Chironomus riparius, the most commonly used species, with heavy metal and pesticide river pollution. In this study, the effect of lead and 4-nonylphenol on...