A new theoretical model based on the local composition concept (TNRF-mNRTL model) was proposed to express the short-range contribution of the excess Gibbs energy for the solutions containing polymer and electrolyte. This contribution of interaction along with the long-range contribution of interaction (Pitzer-Debye-Hückel equation), configurational entropy of mixing (Flory-Huggins relation)...

The buckling behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations under in-plane loads for various temperatures is investigated using element-free Galerkin (EFG) method based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The modified shear correction factor is used based on energy equivalence principle. Carbon ...

In order to evaluate the reliability characteristics of the electricity generating systems which in addition to thermal plants with unlimited available energy includes also hydroelectric plants, beside the stochastic outages of generating units, the limitation of the – from stochastic inflows dependent – available amounts of primary energy (water) must be also taken into account. Therefore the ...

While the main concepts of thermodynamics are universal, the application to specific systems is not. Thus, the universal concepts combined with specific constitutive relations permit the derivation of important results in such fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, physical chemistry, chemical engineering and rheology. In all of these fields equilibrium is characterized either by a maximum of...