On July 17, 2003, the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the United States economy had troughed in November 2001 following the peak in March 2001. This makes the 2001 recession one of the shortest in U.S. history being only eight months in length. Whereas business cycles are defined in terms of the overall economies the authors of this paper investigate whether this national re...

estimated effective precipitation (pe) in dryland areas is an essential element of water resource management. itrepresents the amount of precipitation available in the crop root zone to meet the needs of evapotranspiration. thecurrent study compared different approaches for estimating pe in different climatic zones of iran. a two-layer soil–water balance (swb) model was adopted based on the pro...

conclusions the mean heart rate was higher in participants who were overweight than those with normal weight. results the mean and standard deviation of the heart rate in the hot climatic condition and moderate exercise were 103.84 (3.34) for normal weight subjects and 108.67 (3.27) for overweight subjects. the mean and standard deviation of the heart rate in a very hot climatic condition and l...

r a 200 .022 : +1 210 [email protected] Summary Surface representation of the root-zone soil moisture is investigated so that feasibility of using optical remote sensing techniques to indirectly map root-zone soil moisture is assessed. Specifically, covariation of root-zone soil moisture with the normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ...

Thermal insulation is one of the most effective methods reducing energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, parameters influencing optimum thickness are widely investigated. In this study, obtained using life cycle analysis method and genetic algorithm by considering size heating cooling systems as an optimization variable, which has not been addressed earlier researches. Furthermore, effect c...

Drought is an intermittent disturbance of the water cycle that profoundly affects the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the response of the coupled water and carbon cycles to drought and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we provide the first global synthesis of the drought effect on ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE = gross primary production (GPP)/evapotranspiration (ET)). Usin...

Flash flood disaster ranks top among all the natural hazards across world due to its high frequency, severity and fatality. However, flash simulation is still challenging in small medium-sized catchments with complex orography, flashy hydrological responses poor observations. Three distributed models, i.e., TOPModel, HEC CNFF, are selected simulate floods seven humid six semi-humid China, consi...

An unprecedentedly stable CH3NH3PbI3 film synthesized by a modified chemical vapor transport method is demonstrated. The results show that the crystal structure, light absorption, and device efficiency do not degrade after storing for 100 d in air with 40% relative humidity, while the conventional solution-processed perovskites are usually stable for less than 20 d in similar conditions.