Yin und Yang stehen in der chinesischen Philosophie für Gegensätze, z. B. Kräfte oder Prinzipien, in ihrer wechelseitigen Bezogenheit. In diesem Beitrag wird das Bild von Yin und Yang benutzt, um die Beziehungen zwischen Safety und Security am Beispiel der Eisenbahnsignaltechnik zu erläutern. Dabei werden sowohl die normativen Grundlagen als auch typische Anwendungen diskutiert. Insbesondere di...

this paper addresses a multi-criteria decision based methodology to develop a road network cost function for route finding analysis in a geographic information system (gis). over the years, several studies relating to route planning process in gis and intelligent transportation systems (its) have been conducted, most of which rely on the use of one-dimensional variables like distance or time as...

in spite of pivotal position of effectiveness construct in organizational theory this concept has been appropriately developed yet and there is less consensus on the criteria for its definition in organization. the varieties of effectivenss models and approaches to its utilization are many. discussion on preferring one model of effectiveness to another is a continuous process. for instance advo...

In this note we introduce some divergence-based model selection criteria. These criteria are defined by estimators of the expected overall discrepancy between the true unknown model and the candidate model, using dual representations of divergences and associated minimum divergence estimators. It is shown that the proposed criteria are asymptotically unbiased. The influence functions of these c...

Model Transformation has become central to most software engineering activities. It refers to the process of modifying a (usually graphical) model for the purpose of analysis (by its transformation to some other domain), optimization, evolution, migration or even code generation. In this work, we show our approach to express model transformation based on graph transformation. This framework off...

This is a survey of the information criterion approach to model selection problems. New results about context tree estimation and the estimation of the basic neighborhood of Markov random fields are also mentioned. 1. The model selection problem Let a stochastic process {Xt, t ∈ T } be given, where each Xt is a random variable with values a ∈ A, and T is an index set. The joint distribution of ...

this paper has revised the combined model of chan & qi with supply chain operations reference (scor) .this combined model with hierarchical structure, has three levels and seven criteria that some criteria are quantitative (cost, use of source) and others of them are qualitative (quality, flexibility, tangible, validity and innovation). in order to improvement of this model, this paper has comb...