A theory of four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser media is developed by considering the contributions of both the gain and index gratings created by the carrier-density modulation occurring at the beat frequency of the pump and the probe waves. The general formalism can be applied to semiconductor lasers operating below or above threshold. As an illustration, we consider the case in which the...

In this work, we examine fluid mixing in a full three-stream mixing channel with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) built on the channel bottom by numerical simulation and experiment. The effects of the asymmetrical arrangement and the attack angle of the LVGs on fluid mixing are investigated. The results show that the micromixer with LVGs at a small asymmetry index (defined by the ratio of ...

Degenerate four-wave mixing is considered in large mode area hybrid photonic crystal fibers, combining photonic bandgap guidance and index guidance. Co- and orthogonally polarized pump, signal and idler fields are considered numerically by calculating the parametric gain and experimentally by spontaneous degenerate four-wave mixing. Intermodal and birefringence assisted intramodal phase matchin...

introduction: hydrocolloids are widely used in food systems as an emulsifying or stabilizing agent. one way to improve the emulsifying properties of hydrocolloids is complexation with proteins. in general, protein and hydrocolloid components may be combined together by either a) covalent bonding (conjugates) or b) electrostatic complexing. conjugates can be efficiently prepared during the stora...

The first chapter of my thesis is the first attempt in the game theory literature to study the impact of reputation in a game with an arbitrary number of nonmyopic players, not just two. I consider a reputation game with perfect monitoring and multiple long-lived opponents indexed 1, 2, · · · , n. Player 0, who attempts to build reputation, could be either the normal type (maximizing the discou...

From the Schelling model of segregation, we derive models of group formation that shed light on segregation or mixing patterns observed in spatial grid networks. Individuals have types and see type-dependent benefits or drawback from theirs neighbours: this leads each one to be attracted or repulsed by its own like or unlike. This framework allows to studying many spatial phenomena that involve...

PURPOSE Ventilatory inhomogeneity indexes in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients could be of importance to optimize ventilator settings in order to reduce additional lung injury. The present study compared six inhomogeneity indexes calculated from the oxygen washout curves provided by the rapid oxygen sensor of the LUFU end-expiratory lung volume measurement system. METHODS Inhomo...

We offer an umbrella type result which extends the convergence of classical empirical process on the line to more general processes indexed by functions of bounded variation. This extension is not contingent on the type of dependence of the underlying sequence of random variables. As a consequence we establish the weak convergence for stationary empirical processes indexed by general classes of...