The solubility of solutes in mixed solvents depends primarily on the solvation of the solutes or their constituent ions by the components of the solvent mixtures. Complications may arise if different crystal solvates are formed or if solute-solute interactions are appreciable. In their absence the standard molar Gibbs energies of solution measure the corresponding quantities of solvation, ASOIV...

Probe mapping is a common approach for identifying potential binding sites in structure-based drug design; however, it typically relies on energy minimizations of probes in the gas phase and a static protein structure. The mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) approach was recently developed to account for full protein flexibility and solvation effects in hot-spot mapping. Our first study us...

Using the Solvent Evaporating and Atomic Emission Spectrophotometric methods, the solubilitiesof Li2CO3 were determined in various mixed- solvent "water + ethanol" with various mass percentof ethanol, and in the presence of NaNO3 in various molarities at 25.0°C . The results wereinterpreted in terms of mean ionic activity coefficient and ion association phenomenon.

[reaction: see text] The reaction of CH(4) with CO(2) has been performed in anhydrous acids using VO(acac)(2) and K(2)S(2)O(8) as promoters. NMR analysis establishes that the primary product is a mixed anhydride of acetic acid and the acid solvent. In sulfuric acid, the overall reaction is CH(4) + CO(2) + SO(3) --> CH(3)C(O)-O-SO(3)H. Hydrolysis of the mixed anhydride produces acetic acid and t...

We have studied the micellization of surfactants SDS, CTAB and tweens-80 using a series of Ethylene glycol/water and formamide/water mixed solvents using surface tension, viscosity and conductance measurements. The results are compared with those reported in pure water for the same surfactants. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) shifts to lower values upon increasing the ratio of Ethylene...

A fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon organic solvent mixture is known as a temperature-induced phase-separation solution. When a mixed solution of tetradecafluorohexane as a fluorocarbon organic solvent and hexane as a hydrocarbon organic solvent (e.g., 71:29 volume ratio) was delivered in a capillary tube that was controlled at 10°C, the tube radial distribution phenomenon (TRDP) of the solvents was...

The thermodynamics of fluoride ion solvation in nonaqueous and mixed aqueous solvents are reviewed. Gibbs energies of transfer , at^ O (F ) H20+ , indicate that the solvation of the fluoride ion is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Thus, at^ o ( ~ ) H 2 0 S is unfavourable for virtually all solvents, especially dipolar aprotics, and correlates well with solvent acceptor strength. The corresponding...

In this research, the new separation method based on micro solvent cluster extraction and preferential solvation has been described. A proposed separation method using aqueous mixed solvents of organic solvents (acetonitrile, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol) or ionic liquids and an open tubular capillary has been separated the model compounds (2-naphthol, 4-nitroani...