Mixed infection by multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains is associated with poor treatment outcome of tuberculosis (TB). Traditional genotyping methods have been used to detect mixed infections of MTB, however, their sensitivity and resolution are limited. Deep whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been proved highly sensitive and discriminative for studying population heterogeneity of ...

1. Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, 8 Vietnam** 9 2. National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control 10 (CIb/LIS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 11 The Netherlands 12 3. Tuberculosis and M/XDR-TB Programme, Division of Communicable Diseases, Health 13 Security & Environment, ...

Human adenoviruses are a common cause of diseases. While epidemic diseases caused by adenoviruses were observed throughout the first half of the 20th century, the viruses were first noted in explant cultures of human adenoidal surgical specimens in 1953; this finding, plus the observation of their apparent general affinity for lymphatic tissue, led to naming designation [1, 2]. More than 50 ser...

India is highly endemic to malaria with prevalence of all five species of human malaria parasites of Plasmodium genus. India is set for malaria elimination by 2030. Since cases of mixed Plasmodium species infections remain usually undetected but cause huge disease burden, in order to understand the distributional prevalence of both monospecies infections and mixed species infections in India, w...

Aim. Screening of vegetable crops for mixed viral infections caused by 8 viruses, and evaluation relative share different combinations pathogens using serological methods plant virus diagnostics. Methods. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was performed detection antigens. Results. For this study, the samples from plants with virus-like symptoms were collecte...

An analysis was done of the incidence and nature of mixed virus infections diagnosed in the same clinical specimen from immunocompetent patients; respiratory viruses were emphasized. Few studies have addressed mixed viral infections in any systematic fashion. The relevant studies reviewed focused on clinical relationships or diagnostic methods. Data relating to multiple infections were usually ...