3 A function f : V (G) → {+1,−1} defined on the vertices of a graph G is a signed domi4 nating function if for any vertex v the sum of function values over its closed neighborhood 5 is at least one. The signed domination number γs(G) of G is the minimum weight of a 6 signed dominating function on G. By simply changing “{+1,−1}” in the above definition 7 to “{+1, 0,−1}”, we can define the minus ...

Self similar 3D distributions of point-particles, with a given quasifractal dimension D, were generated on a Menger sponge model and then compared with 2dfGRS and Virgo project data . Using the principle of local knowledge, it is argued that in a finite volume of space only the two-point minus estimator is acceptable in the correlation analysis of self similar spatial distributions. In this sen...

During the formation of the metaphase spindle in animal somatic cells, kinetochore microtubule bundles (K fibers) are often disconnected from centrosomes, because they are released from centrosomes or directly generated from chromosomes. To create the tightly focused, diamond-shaped appearance of the bipolar spindle, K fibers need to be interconnected with centrosomal microtubules (C-MTs) by mi...

1 BACKGROUND Surgical correction of elongated labia minora (LM) is one of the most sought reconstructive procedures after plastic surgery.1,2 The illusion of simplicity of such operations and failure to observe important technical aspects often lead to total resection of the labia, causing suffering of patients and problems for operating doctor. In such cases, reconstructive surgery is the only...