This Lecture begins with a puzzle about Albert Hirschman’s famous work, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Why do we make much of exit and voice but utterly neglect loyalty? It’s a question that goes well beyond Hirschman’s book. For example, much of constitutional theory is preoccupied with a single question: What does a democracy owe its minorities? And most of the answers to this question fit natural...

BACKGROUND Declining age at menarche has been observed in many countries. In China, a decrease of 4.5 months per decade in the average age at menarche among the majority Han girls has recently been reported. However, the trends in age at menarche among ethnic minority girls over the past 25 years remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare the differences in median age at menarche among girls aged ...

multi-ethnic texture or existence of the ethnic-religious minorities is one of the main structural elements of states all over the world. consequently, we are sometimes informed about ethnic tensions and violence around the globe. a study in 2002 indicates that approximately 125 wars were occurred from world war ii to 1997 of which 80 ones have been related to ethnic and religious disputes in a...

Many commentators greeted the 2005 swing to the Liberal Democrats among ethnic minority voters in British General Elections as a critical change in minorities’ voting behaviour. The unpopular decision by the Labour government to go to war in Iraq was identified as a cause of this shift; however its importance was significantly over-interpreted when it was heralded as a beginning of a new era in...