Passive sound-localization acuity and its relationship to vision were determined for the echolocating Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis). A conditioned avoidance procedure was used in which the animals drank fruit juice from a spout in the presence of sounds from their right, but suppressed their behavior, breaking contact with the spout, whenever a sound came from their left, thereby av...

BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed that orally administered ethanol serves as a reinforcer in nonhuman primates. The purposes of the present study were to examine the relationship between ethanol preferences and intakes in two distinct self-administration contexts and to reveal some of the behavioral and neurochemical correlates of oral ethanol self-administration in monkeys. METHODS T...

Article history: Received: 15.12.2013. Received in revised form: 17.2.2014. Accepted: 18.2.2014. Supplying air with ball spout air diffusers is a common air-conditioning system for air distribution in large space stadiums. When supplying hot air with ball spout diffusers in winter, the phenomenon of hot jet upturning may appear, so the design should consider adjusting the spout angle so as to c...

The advent of executable contents such as Java applets exposes WWW users to a new class of attacks that were not possible before. Despite an array of security checking, detection , and enforcement mechanisms built into the language model, the compiler, and the run-time system of Java, serious security breach incidents due to implementation bugs have been reported in the past several years. With...

The tRNA m1G9 methyltransferase (Trm10) is a member of the SpoU-TrmD (SPOUT) superfamily of methyltransferases, and Trm10 homologs are widely conserved throughout Eukarya and Archaea. Despite possessing the trefoil knot characteristic of SPOUT enzymes, Trm10 does not share the same quaternary structure or key sequences with other members of the SPOUT family, suggesting a novel mechanism of cata...