Recent metabolic engineering practice was briefly reviewed in particular for the useful metabolite production such as natural products and biofuel productions. With the emphasis on systems biology approach, the metabolic regulation of the main metabolic pathways in E. coli was discussed from the points of view of enzyme level (allosteric and phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation) regulation, and g...

Miniaturized species have evolved in many animal lineages, including insects and vertebrates. Consequently, their nervous systems are constrained to fit within tiny volumes. These miniaturized nervous systems face two major challenges for information processing: noise and energy consumption. Fewer or smaller neurons with fewer molecular components will increase noise, affecting information proc...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a new and rapid miniaturized chromatography system that would accurately assess the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-tetrofosmin without the problems of solvent ratios and time requirements associated with the manufacturer's recommended procedure. METHODS The migration of the radiochemical components of 99mTc-tetrofosmin wa...

It is no doubt that mass spectrometry (MS) is widely applied to several research fields. In recent years, design and development of novel miniaturized mass spectrometers have been at the forefront of research in MS. A lot of miniaturized mass spectrometers are reported and commercialized from a lot of institutes and industries. The instruments have widespread applications, for example, detectio...