Although land mine problems existed in many regions, Bosnia (1995) and Afghanistan (2001) gave the land mine issue a particular sense of urgency. Intended for warfare, these mines remain buried after the end of the conflict. These mines are triggered by civilians causing around 15,000-20,000 victims per year in 90 countries, ICBL (2006). The U.S. State Department estimates that there are around...

The study of faulting and earthquake processes requires direct and near-fi eld observations at the focal depth. Deep mines provide a unique opportunity to make such observations. The linked DAFSAM (Drilling Active Faults Laboratory in South African Mines)-NELSAM (Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines) projects focus on building an earthquake laboratory in deep gold mines in South...

Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that mines are exposed to other mutagenic factors in addition to radon daughter products. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagens in these mines. Mycotoxins were examined in 38 samples from mines and in throat swabs taken from 116 miners and 78 controls. The following mycotoxins were identified from mines sample...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test for differences in injury rates for contractor-operated underground coal mines relative to owner-operated mines in Kentucky, controlling for other covariates. METHODS We used disparities between MSHA contractor data and surface reclamation permit data to identify mines operated by contractors. We then used negative binomial regression to estimate in...

Erratum: “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” The Focus article “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” [Environ Health Perspect 122:A50–A55 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A50] incorrectly stated that Pennsylvania requires pit liners for temporary impoundments and disposal to have a minimum thickness of 30 mm. The correct minimum thick...

Coal is an abundant resource which can be used to produce low-cost energy; however, its usage causes great environmental damage. Before mineral coal used, it must processed remove tailings. These tailings contain pyrite and accumulate in large dumps, presenting significant liabilities, such as acid mine drainage. Another industry that generates liabilities the chrome-plating industry, mainly be...

bardsir region is one of the richest regions of metallic deposits, especially copper, in the east of iranian plateau. most of the metallic deposits in bardsir region are located on the western and southwestern parts, in k?h panj area. some of the mines have been exploited since prehistoric times through historic to islamic periods. the data presented here are collected during the second season ...

This paper describes the analysis of fatal accidents of Indian coal mines from April 1989 to March 1998. It is found that Indian mines have considerably higher accident and fatality rates compared to those in USA and South Africa, respectively. While open cast mines are generally known to be safer than underground mines, the Indian open cast mines are shown to be at least as hazardous to the wo...