Literature is the aesthetic manifestation of language. It is ‘as old as human language and as new as tomorrow’s sunrise.’ This paper explores the interrelationships between language and literature from 600 AD to the present day.  The grammar of present-day English is closely related to that of Old English with the same tense formation and word orders. The verse unit is a single line and its org...

other writers driven by the agendas of cognitive neuroscience, is the meaning of reference to "psychology", "neurophilosophy", or "neuroscience" in the early modern period. In spite of the enormous attention to historical scholarship, books like this one have no intention of being side-tracked by the question whether the categories in terms of which we assemble knowledge are themselves historic...

in the "index of botanical names", where the medieval Latin designations take you to the main dictionary, for example to the items satirion and testiculus leporis, under which the Middle English names are listed, in the case of satirion indiscriminately with other possible identifications, such as Arum and Endymion. Admittedly, the difficulties of identification are considerable-one reason bein...