background: the present study was designed to evaluate the secondary microglial activation processes after spinal cord injury (sci). methods: a quantitative histological study was performed to determine ed-1 positive cells, glial cell density, and cavitation size in untreated sci rats at days 1, 2, and 4, and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. results: the results of glial cell quantification along the 4900...

Our view of microglia has dramatically changed in the last decade. From cells being "silent" in the healthy brain, microglia have emerged to be actively involved in several brain physiological functions including adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and cognitive and behavioral function. In light of recent discoveries revealing a role of microglia as important effectors of neuronal circuit reorganiz...

Microglia participate in neurological homeostasis, as a mediator of neurogenesis and synaptic modulation events, programmed cell death, neuronal stabilization remodeling. The recent discoveries, have shown that the failure to suppress these or hyperactivation microglia population, implies appearance series pathological injuries Central Nervous System.

Stem cell transplantation therapy may inhibit inflammation during stroke and increase the presence of healthy cells in brain. The novelty this work, is to introduce a new mathematical model stem transplanted treat stroke. This manuscript studies stability by using current biological information on as possible treatment for from microglia proposed represent dynamics various immune brain (resting...

microglia, the sentries of the brain, is highly implicated in neurodegeneration as in neuroprotection. chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through the release of various potentially neurotoxic mediators including nitric oxide (no). thus, negative regulators of microglial activation have been considered as potential therapeutic candidates to target neurodegeneration, such a...

TNFα is one of the inflammatory cytokines which plays an important role in activating the Caspase and inducing the apoptosis. This cytokine which is secreted in inflammations, induces the NO production in macrophages and leads to differentiation of the macrophages to the epithelioid and giant cells. One of the most important factors which stimulates the TNFα secretion, is LPS and th...

results aβ (1-42) stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokines il6, il1β, tnfα, and il18 in both the primary microglia cell culture and the b92 cell line. both the raav-il4 construct and the ril-4 protein were found to inhibit production of the most important aβ (1-42)-induced proinflammatory cytokine mrnas in the two types of cells with different patterns. conclusions it seems th...

Inflammation, a self-defensive reaction against various pathogenic stimuli, may become harmful self-damaging process. Increasing evidence has linked chronic inflammation to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease (AD), parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident innate immune cells play major role in...

Microglia are the resident CNS immune cells and active surveyors of the extracellular environment. While past work has focused on the role of these cells during disease, recent imaging studies reveal dynamic interactions between microglia and synaptic elements in the healthy brain. Despite these intriguing observations, the precise function of microglia at remodeling synapses and the mechanisms...

Microglia play an important role in mediating inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglia-specific receptor and could decrease neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of TREM2 on microglia. We showed that lip...