The liver plays a key role in removing harmful chemicals from the body and is therefore often the first tissue to suffer potentially adverse consequences. To protect public health it is necessary to quantitatively estimate the risk of long-term low dose exposure to environmental pollutants. Animal testing is the primary tool for extrapolating human risk but it is fraught with uncertainty, neces...

Different qualities of radiation are known to cause different biological effects at the same absorbed dose. Enhancements effectiveness a direct consequence energy deposition clustering scales DNA molecule and cell nucleus whilst dose is macroscopic averaged quantity which does not take into account heterogeneities nanometer micrometer scales. Microdosimetry aims measure quality cellular or sub-...

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of chemically targeted radiotherapy that utilises the high neutron capture cross-section of boron-10 isotope to achieve a preferential dose increase in the tumour. The BNCT dosimetry poses a special challenge as the radiation dose absorbed by the irradiated tissues consists of several dose components with different relative biological effectiveness...

The field of microdosimetry is the study of those physical characteristics of energy transfers other than dose that produce variations in biological consequences of exposures to radiation. Historically, this area developed primarily from a need to understand and quantify the differences in human responses to different types of radiation, in particular the variations in late complications for th...