Biomarkers may be qualified using different qualification processes. A passive approach for qualification has been to accept the end of discussions in the scientific literature as an indication that a biomarker has been accepted. An active approach to qualification requires development of a comprehensive process by which a consensus may be reached about the qualification of a biomarker. Active ...

Following the discovery of discoloration on some pages of the Atlantic Codex (AC) of Leonardo da Vinci kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, some investigations have been carried out to verify the presence of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. To verify the presence of microorganisms a noninvasive method of sampling has been used that was efficient and allowed us to highlight the...

The SafeTITM Compiler Qualification Kit is a modern, model-based qualification kit that offers a high degree of flexibility during application of the kit. This paper will describe challenges posed by the safety standards and processes, as well as illustrate the benefits of model-based tool qualification. The second part of the paper focuses on the Texas Instruments C/C++ ARM® compiler specific ...

Inspection qualification is the term currently used to describe the process of independent assessment of a specific non-destructive test to ensure that it is capable of meeting its objectives. Such activities carried out on the Sizewell B reactor inspections were referred to as validation. In the USA, the term performance demonstration is used, though this is increasingly being reserved for the...

In this paper we consider a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints. Various stationary conditions for MPECs exist in literature due to different reformulations. We give a simple proof to the M-stationary condition and show that it is sufficient for global or local optimality under some MPEC generalized conve...

We study a general multiobjective optimization problem with variational inequality, equality, inequality and abstract constraints. Fritz John type necessary optimality conditions involving Mordukhovich coderivatives are derived. They lead to Kuhn-Tucker type necessary optimality conditions under additional constraint qualifications including the calmness condition, the error bound constraint qu...

djendjen river is one of the largest rivers in the region of jijel (algeria). human activities such as urban discharges, industrial, agricultural, and livestock have significant effects on the quality of water. the present study attempts to evaluate the quality of water along the banks of the djendjen river at different sampling sites, using physico-chemical and bacteriological methods. the col...

Microorganisms have a significant influence on human activities and health, and consequently, there is high demand to develop automated, sensitive, and rapid methods for their detection. These methods might be applicable for clinical, industrial, and environmental applications. Although different techniques have been suggested and employed for the detection of microorganisms, and the majority o...

The growing adoption of safety standards in the automotive industry results in an increasing interest in as well as an increasing uncertainty about software tool certification and qualification. With ISO 26262 on the horizon, new tool qualification requirements need to be understood and implemented by automotive software practitioners. This paper summarizes the tool qualification approach of IS...

In this paper we consider the bilevel programming problem (BLPP), which is a sequence of two optimization problems where the constraint region of the upper-level problem is determined implicitly by the solution set to the lower-level problem. We extend well-known constraint qualifications for nonlinear programming problems such as the Abadie constraint qualification, the Kuhn-Tucker constraint ...