Poke weed mitogen (PWM), a lectin purified from Phytolacca americana is frequently used as a B cell-specific stimulus to trigger proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. In the present study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the B cell stimulatory capacity of PWM. Strikingly, we observed that highly purified PWM preparations failed to induce B cell proliferation. By contrast, commerc...

BACKGROUND Athlete's Foot (Tinea pedis) is a form of ringworm associated with highly contagious yeast-fungi colonies, although they look like bacteria. Foot bacteria overgrowth produces a harmless pungent odor, however, uncontrolled proliferation of yeast-fungi produces small vesicles, fissures, scaling, and maceration with eroded areas between the toes and the plantar surface of the foot, resu...

We previously showed that HIV infection leads to expansion of a rapidly proliferating pool (s(1)) of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In the current study, we used in vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine to characterize the kinetics of naive, memory, and activated (HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+)) subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, and to examine the relationship between kinetic parameters and baseline C...

The gut microbiota is an environmental factor that determines renewal of the intestinal epithelium and remodeling of the intestinal mucosa. At present, it is not resolved if components of the gut microbiota can augment innate immune sensing in the intestinal epithelium via the up-regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we report that colonization of germ-free (GF) Swiss Webster mice wit...

Direct microscopic examination of the rumen and its contents shows microbial populations largely attached to feed particles in the digesta. Most feeds contain a surface layer that is resistant to attachment and therefore to digestion. Infiltration of these recalcitrant epidermal layers through damage sites or through focused enzymatic attack is essential for initiation of the digestive process....

Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, such as pneumonia. Moreover, it classified pathogen concern due to sprawling anti-microbial resistance. During infection, the gram-negative capable establishing an intracellular niche in macrophages by altering cellular metabolism. One factor critically affecting host-pathogen interaction availability essent...

Plant-based meat analogues (i.e., plant-based alternatives or substitutes, vegan meats) are becoming more and popular. The quality of the available products is constantly increasing therefore their consumption also increasing. primary role to replace component in meals while appropriate nutrient content hedonic value will be provided as well. food safety aspects these newly emerging less invest...

objective(s): throughout evolution, mammalians have increasingly lost their ability to regenerate structures however rabbits are exceptional since they develop a blastema in their ear wound for regeneration purposes. blastema consists of a group of undifferentiated cells capable of dividing and differentiating into the ear tissue. the objective of the present study is to isolate, culture expand...

among the synthetic polymers, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (phbv) microbial polyester is one of the biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers in the nanomedicine scope. phbv has key points and suitable properties to support cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of nanofibers. nanofibers are noticeably employed in order to enhance the performance of biomaterials,...