We developed a mouse model to compare the virulence of Campylobacter fetus strains with (S-plus) and without (Sminus) surface array protein (S-protein) capsules. In adult HA/ICR mice pretreated with ferric chloride, the LDF0 for S-plus strain 84-32 was 43.3 times lower than its spontaneous S-minus mutant 84-54. Seven strains of inbred mice were no more susceptible than the outbred strain. In co...

Metronidazole is used to treat trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and other diseases. There are controversy aspects about its teratogenicity. A teratogenic agent can alter morphology or subsequent function of the fetus. The aim of this study was to examine an alternative method for the recognition of the mechanism or the bimolecular potential changes in mice fetus caused by Metronidazole usin...

background: methamphetamine (ma) is a potent psychomotor stimulant with high abuse and addictive potential. ma is a neurotoxic drug which is widely abused by females of childbearing age, raising serious public health concerns in terms of exposure of the fetus to the drug. neurotoxic effects of ma on adult are well known, such as dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration and cell death in regions...

The immune system in the upper reproductive tract (URT) protects against sexually transmitted pathogens, while at same time providing tolerance responses allogenic sperm and developing fetus. uterine environment is also responsive to hormonal variations during estrus cycle, although most likely timing of exposure pathogens breeding when cervix semi-permissive. goal for intrauterine immunization...

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced toxicity mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab divided into eleven group from (A K) orally administered doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for arsen...

Although nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been extensively used in industrial food applications and daily products for pregnant women, infants, and children, its potential toxicity on fetal development has been rarely studied. The main objective of this investigation was to establish the effects of maternal exposure of nano-TiO2 on developing embryos. Female imprinting control region ...

There are morphological and reproductive physiological differences between swamp buffalo (Bubaluscarabanensis) and river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The development of fetus weight and fetus biometry wasreported in river buffalo and other animals but not in swamp buffalo. The aim of this study was to describethe inherent variability in fetus related measurements during swamp buffalo pregnancy. T...

From 39 gravid ovine genitalia in various stages of gestation, collected from a local slaughter house in Srinagar city, 37 and 4 fetuses were obtained from single and twin pregnancies, respectively. The genitalia collected were divided into four stages of gestation as: Stage- I (30-60 days); Stage-II (61-90 days); Stage-III (91-120 days); and Stage-IV (120 days to term).Various measurements of ...

nicotine is one the chemical substance with high level of toxically. it crosses the placenta and accumulates in the developing organs of fetus. our previous investigations indicated that collagen type iv plays a key role in basement membrane of various embryonic organs. in this study we evaluated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure pre and postnatal period on collagen iv expression during ...