A microneutralization fluorescent-antibody (MFA) test was effective in determining the level of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. A comparison of the MFA test with the cytopathic effect microneutralization (MNT) test and 50% plaque reduction (PR) test resulted in positive correlations that were significant (P less than 0.001). The PR test was more sensitive than either the MFA or...

Keywords Area detector Cell wall Growth conditions Microfibril angle Norway spruce Picea abies Silviculture Tracheids Tree class X-ray diffraction Summary Microfibril angle (MfA) of the trachcid cell wall of conifers influences the performance and properties of forest products. For instance a high MfA has been found detrimental for solid wood properties. Although it is assumed that there is a c...

Material flow analysis (MFA) is a promising tool for river water quality management. Based on orders-ofmagnitude estimations, the approach provides an overview of pollution problems and their dimensions in a river system, allowing to identify key sources and pathways of pollution, and to evaluate mitigation priorities. The current study aims at investigating MFA to assess river water quality pr...

The in vivo measurement of metabolic flux by (13)C-based metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA) provides valuable information regarding cell physiology. Bioinformatics tools have been developed to estimate metabolic flux distributions from the results of tracer isotopic labeling experiments using a (13)C-labeled carbon source. Metabolic flux is determined by nonlinear fitting of a metabolic model ...

In this study, metal behavior in ash-melting and municipal solid waste (MSW) gasiWcation-melting facilities were investigated. Eight ash-melting and three MSW gasiWcation-melting facilities with a variety of melting processes and feedstocks were selected. From each facility, melting furnace Xy ash (MFA) and molten slag were sampled, and feedstock of the ash-melting processes was also taken. For...

In this study, metal behavior in ash-melting and municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification-melting facilities were investigated. Eight ash-melting and three MSW gasification-melting facilities with a variety of melting processes and feedstocks were selected. From each facility, melting furnace fly ash (MFA) and molten slag were sampled, and feedstock of the ash-melting processes was also taken. ...

ion) Same as F20 612F. First-year MFAs (only) register for F20 512F. This course examines strategies of abstraction and nonobjective image-making that originate in the painting studio, including those that are driven by concept, material, space and/ or process. Readings and discussion will examine the evolution and history of abstraction and its present applications within a contemporary studio...

Multifunctional agriculture (MFA) has emerged as a key concept in science and politics with respect to the future of agriculture and rural development in the recent decade. Overall, MFA implies that in addition to their main function in production and support of rural livelihood, the agricultural activities have some other advantages for the environment including the conservation of water and s...

BACKGROUND China uses both social health insurance (SHI) programs and a medical financial assistance (MFA) program to protect the poor from illness-induced financial risks. The MFA provides a dual benefit package targeting low-income families: subsidizing these families' participation in SHI programs, and providing cash aid to protect them from catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). This study ...