Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) in rats is a model of human membranous nephropathy characterized by formation of subepithelial immune deposits in the glomerular capillary wall and complement activation. Oxygen radicals have been implicated in the subsequent glomerular damage which leads to proteinuria. This study examines the involvement of xanthine oxidase in this process. Xanthine oxidase act...

Onion (Allium Cepa) contains high levels of flavonoids. Although there are many studies indicating the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on xanthine oxidase, there is no report on the effect of onion on this enzyme. Therefore, in the present study, the inhibitory effects of onion on xanthine oxidase are investigated. Fresh filtered juice of onion was prepared and its inhibitory effect on guine...

The present investigation is undertaken to evaluate the comparative anti gout activity of ethanolic (EEPM) and methanolic (MEPM) seed extracts Pedalium murex. Invitro arthritic plant was evaluated using xanthine oxidase protease enzyme inhibition as well membrane stabilization established protocols. In silico studied molecular docking analysis from 10 GCMS derived compounds with that immunuo st...

A new xanthine derivative bronchodilator, 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (MPX), and 1-methyl-3-butylxanthine (MBX) were synthesized. We evaluated their relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle isolated from guinea pigs and pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats using 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline, TPH) as the reference drug. Dose-dependent relaxant effects were observed in the concentration ...

The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an important source of oxygen free radicals and related postischemic injury. Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), the major form of XOR in tissues, can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XO) by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis. The conversion of XDH to XO has been assumed to be required for radical generation and tissue injury. It is also po...

Intracellular calcium is considered to play a major role in secretory responses of various exocrine cell types. We examined whether xanthine derivatives can inhibit Ca2+ mobilization and entry in secretory cells in the airways. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of xanthines in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the isolated submucosal acinar cells of the guinea-pig nasal septum wa...

allopurinol, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is the only drug available for the treatment of gout. we examined the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some commercially available flavonoids such asepigallocatechin, acacatechin, myricetin, naringenin, daidzein and glycitein by virtual screening and in-vitro studies. the interacting residues within the complex model and their contact types we...

Recent studies show that pulmonary vasodilator responses to nitrite are enhanced by hypoxia. However, the mechanism by which nitrite is converted to vasoactive nitric oxide (NO) is uncertain. In the present study, intravenous injections of sodium nitrite decreased pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and increased cardiac output. The decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure were enhanced w...

The effect of adenosine on the vascular density of the chick chorioallantoic membrane was studied. Elvax polymer pellets containing 0.2-3.0 mg of adenosine were placed on the chorioallantoic membrane of 10-day embryos. Control pellets containing mannitol were placed at least 1 cm away. After 4 days the membrane was formalin-fixed and removed. A thin plastic coverslip, inscribed with concentric ...