ghazal-khâni, known in the official milieu as kuchebâghi, is a form of free-metered song using poems from the oral tradition, and sometimes even classical poems, sung especially in tehran and the city of rey by amateur singers who belong, in most cases, to a particular socio-cultural class. the place of this vocal genre in official iranian culture is influenced by the status of its singers, who...

OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of accident and emergency (A&E) personnel to demonstrate metered dose inhaler technique. METHODS 25 senior house officers and 25 nurses working in A&E were individually interviewed and assessed on their knowledge of inhaler technique and competence in demonstrating the correct use of a metered dose inhaler. RESULTS Demonstration of inhaler technique was ge...

BACKGROUND Good inhaler technique and medication concordance is important for symptom and disease control in chronic airways disease. OBJECTIVES Establish the prevalence of inhaler use; the main inhaler devices used by older people at home; their ability to use the inhalers they have been prescribed; and the relationship between perceived ease of use and actual performance. DESIGN Cross-sec...

This study aimed to investigate and compare the incidence of metered-dose inhaler (MDI)-associated bronchoconstriction in an asthmatic population, following the use of three different MDIs. Two different placebo metered-dose inhaler preparations containing the same chlorofluorocarbons but differing in dispersant chemicals, one containing oleic acid (MDI-OA) and the other lecithin NF (MDI-L), we...

The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose spray formulation for transdermal delivery of oxybutynin and to carry out the in vitro characterization of the optimized formulation. Oxybutynin release from a series of ethanol/acetone/methylal based formulations was assessed in vitro and the developed formulation was used for delivery from a metered dose spray. Various qualitativ...

BACKGROUND The 30 minute and 24 hour post-inhalation urinary excretion of salbutamol represents the relative amount of drug deposited in the lungs and total systemic absorption, respectively. Using this method two metered dose inhalers used with a Volumatic (Allen and Hanburys Ltd, UK) large volume spacer have been compared. METHOD Eleven healthy volunteers inhaled 4 x 100 micrograms salbutam...

The effect on aerosol deposition from a pressurised metered dose inhaler of a 750 cm3 spacer device with a one way inhalation valve (Nebuhaler, Astra Pharmaceuticals) was assessed by means of an in vivo radiotracer technique. Nine patients with obstructive lung disease took part in the study. The pattern of deposition associated with use of a metered dose inhaler alone was compared with that ac...

Prescriptions for intravenous (i.v.) fluids in hospitals may not be closely adhered to. This study prospectively examined whether prescribed i.v. fluids are administered at the correct rate. During a four-week period, the i.v. infusion rates in patients requiring continuous i.v. fluids and cared for by a single medical team in a district hospital were studied. The periods over which i.v. crysta...

Due to limited metering infrastructure, distribution grids are currently challenged by observability issues. On the other hand, smart meter data, including local voltage magnitudes and power injections, are communicated to the utility operator from grid buses with renewable generation and demand-response programs. This work employs grid data from metered buses towards inferring the underlying g...