introduction: the provision of an effective apical seal is an essential factor when choosing an appropriate material for success of root-end surgeries. root-end resection, preparation and obturation should provide an adequate apical seal. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate bacterial and dye microleakage of four different root-end filling materials and compare the efficacy of thes...

The effect of heavy metal stress on the cell viability and leakage of electrolytes of Avicennia germinans leaf discs was investigated by the tissue tolerance test. Foliar discs were incubated with different Cd2+ or CU2+ concentrations for 24 h; thereafter, the cell membrane stability of the tissue was assayed by the cell viability Evans blue and leakage electrolytes methods. The results indicat...

Carbon leakage features prominently in the climate policy debate economies implementing policies, especially EU. The imposition of carbon pricing impacts negatively competitiveness energy-intensive industries, inducing their relocation to countries with weaker environmental regulation. Unilateral may complement domestic emissions border adjustment reduce and protect manufacturing. Here, we use ...

Heavy metals are common pollutants of the coastal saline area and Salicornia brachiata an extreme halophyte is frequently exposed to various abiotic stresses including heavy metals. The SbMT-2 gene was cloned and transformed to tobacco for the functional validation. Transgenic tobacco lines (L2, L4, L6 and L13) showed significantly enhanced salt (NaCl), osmotic (PEG) and metals (Zn++, Cu++ and ...

copper is an essential micronutrient for plant growth which is involved in many metabolic processes. however excessive amounts of copper may cause environmental pollution. with an increase in the contamination of urban areas with heavy metals, more attention should be paid to the role of ornamental plants in removing pollutants from the soils. the effects of heavy metals on the growth parameter...

introduction: there are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial leakage, electro-chemical methods, radioisotope labeling and fluid filtration. the purpose of this study was to assemble the fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials. materials and methods: the roots were connected to a tube filled with an...

Copper is an essential micronutrient for plant growth which is involved in many metabolic processes. However excessive amounts of copper may cause environmental pollution. With an increase in the contamination of urban areas with heavy metals, more attention should be paid to the role of ornamental plants in removing pollutants from the soils. The effects of heavy metals on the growth parameter...

The article reports a comprehensive study optimizing the OFF- and ON-state characteristics of 3.3 kV junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes made using nickel, titanium, molybdenum contact metals. In this design, same implants used in optimized termination region are to form P-regions JBS active area. width spacing varied optimize both ON- OFF-state device. All tested displayed high blocking vol...