Recent applications in flexible electronics require that thin metal films grown on elastomer substrates be deformable. However, how such laminates deform is poorly understood. While a freestanding metal film subject to tension will rupture at a small strain by undergoing a necking instability, we anticipate that a substrate will retard this instability to an extent that depends on the relative ...

Ionic electromechanically active polymers (IEAP) are laminar composites that can be considered attractive candidates for soft actuators. Their outstanding properties such as low operating voltage, easy miniaturization, and noiseless operation are, however, marred by issues related to the repeatability in the production and operation of these materials. Implementing closed-loop control for IEAP ...

It is an effective way to improve the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members by externally bonded carbon fiber reinforcement polymer (CFRP) laminates on the soffit of the members. However, there is little investigation on flexural performance of RC beam flexurally strengthened by side-bonded FRP laminates. To investigate the flexural behavior of RC beams side-bonded CFRP laminate...

The microcracking process in laminates which have outer-ply 90◦ plies (e.g. [90m/0n]s) has some important differences from the microcracking process in laminates which lack outer-ply 90◦ plies (e.g. [0n/90m]s). Foremost among the differences is the characteristic damage state. [90m/0n]s laminates form antisymmetric or staggered microcracks while [0n/90m]s laminates form symmetric microcracks. T...

Methods for predicting organic solvents, chromic acid, mineral oil, styrene, and sulphuric acid emissions in painting, metal degreasing, wood preservation, chromium electroplating, turning, grinding, making glass fortified polyester laminates and lead batteries charging, injection moulding of polystyrene plastics, and making polyurethane foam processes are described. Experimentally introduced e...

BACKGROUND Biaxial (BX) and triaxial (TX) composite laminates with ±45° angled plies have been widely used in wind turbine blades. As the scale of blades increases, BX and TX laminates with shallow-angled plies (i.e. off-axis ply angle <45°) might be utilized for reducing mass and/or improving performance. The compressive properties of shallow-angled BX and TX laminates are critical considering...